Table 2.
Transgenerational/cross-stress resistance development in crop plants through stress memory/epigenetic modifications.
Crop Species | Stress Resistance | Primary Exposure/Treatment | Transgenerational Physical Response | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) | Drought, extreme light adoption | β–aminobutyric acid (BABA), dehydration stress, salt and heat stress, short wavelength radiations | Descendants exhibit biotic and abiotic stress resistance, phenotypic changes for increased flexibility | [5,9,78,96,97,98] |
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) | Drought/salt/heat | Terminal drought/water, osmotic and heat priming of first-generation plants | Drought memory improved resistance against salt stress and drought, and thermotolerance | [67,99,100] |
Canola (Brassica napus) | Cold/heat/drought | Cold acclimation | Heat/drought resistance, increased growth and yield | [101,102] |
Rice (Oryza sativa) | Abiotic | Heavy metals, sublethal heat exposure, drought | Enhanced tolerance through heritable changes in gene expression and DNA methylation | [4,92,103] |
Maize (Zea mays) | Drought/salt | Osmotic stress | Through epigenetic mechanisms, better response to abiotic stresses | [104] |
Tomato (Lycopersicon sculentum) | Cold | Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment of roots, arginase induction by heat treatment of fruit | Enhanced oxidative stress response, amelioration of chilling injury, and activation of antioxidant enzymes | [105,106] |
Turnip/Field mustard (Brassica rapa/campestris) | Heat/cold shock/biotic | Heat/salinity/drought/biotic | Stress-induced transgenerational inheritance and cross-protection | [107,108] |
Pea (Pisum sativum) | Heavy metals | Acclimated to low temperature | Cold-induced photo-inhibition | [109] |
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) | Drought | Drought stress/osmopriming | Enhanced growth under drought | [60] |