Table 3.

PDMS microfluidicbrain-on-a-chip platforms.

Organ/Tissue Type	Type of Cells	Application	Reference
Brain organoid-on-a-chip	3D brain organoids derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)	Modeling the neurodevelopmental disorders under environmental exposure (e.g., nicotine)	[77]
3D brain-on-a-chip	Neurospheroids obtained from prenatal E16 rat cortical neurons	In vitro brain model for neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Alzheimers’ disease) and high-throughput drug screening	[42]
Brain-on-a-chip	Neurospheroids obtained from human neural progenitor and human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells	Investigating the development of Alzheimer’s disease and testing drugs against this neuropathology	[78]
Neurospheroid network-on-a-chip	Neurospheroids obtained from primary culture obtained from the cerebral cortex of Wistar rats	Studying neural transplantation therapy for treating severe degenerative brain disease	[79]
3D brain-on-a-chip	Neurospheroids obtained from prenatal rat (E18) cortical neurons	Modulation of cell–ECM interactions at the neuronal level by analyzing neurospheroids and their study in pathological conditions	[80]