Table 1.
Global prevalence of fasciolosis in goats and any associated economic values.
| Country | Fasciola Species | Goat Breed | Study Period | Sample Number and Type | Prevalence | Comments | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | F. hepatica | Creole | 2006–2011 | 659 faecal | 33% | 46% of goats had mixed parasitic infections | [29] |
| Mexico | F. hepatica | - | - | 1,199 faecal | 24.5–43% | 43% from indirect ELISA 24.5% of faecal egg counts |
[30] |
| Greece | F. hepatica | Capra Prisca and Skopelos | 2006–2007 | 234 faecal 372 serum |
3.8–15.9% | 3.8% of faecal from coproantigen 15.9% seropositivity |
[31] |
| Africa | |||||||
| Chad | F. gigantica | - | 2011 | 616 livers | 12% | Of infected 80% had <10 parasites and 2% with >100 parasites | [33] |
| Egypt | F. hepatica | - | 2019 | 1630 livers | 3.5% | Assiut and Sohag Governorates, Upper Egypt | [34] |
| Ethiopia | Fasciola spp. | - | 2010–2011 | 384 livers | 13.6% | Debre Zeit town | [35] |
| Kenya | F. gigantica | - | 1989–2004 | 17,743 livers | 6.6% | Semi-arid coastal area of Taveta Cost USD 12,600 from contaminated livers |
[36] |
| Tunisia | F. hepatica | - | 2004–2005 | 19 sera | 68.4% | Gafsa oases, Southwest Tunisia Goat prevalence was a lot higher than sheep and cattle |
[37] |
| Algeria | F. hepatica | - | 2008–2009 | 6115 livers | 0–2.5% | 2.5% in El Tarf, North Algeria from 5,764 livers 0% Ouargla, South Algeria 351 livers EUR 60,000 lost in El Tarf from fasciolosis (cattle, sheep and goats) condemned livers |
[38] |
| Nigeria | Mostly F. gigantica |
- | 1993–2019 | 376,507 reports | 1.28% | USD 27 million per year lost from mortalities, liver condemnation and body weight loss | [39] |
| F. gigantica | - | 2004–2009 | 9,617 livers | 0.28% | Higher infection in rainy/dry season | [40] | |
| Asia | |||||||
| China | Fasciola spp. | - | 2013–2014 | 200 faecal | 3.5–37% | Hubei province Lowest prevalence (3.5%) during May 2014 Highest prevalence (37%) during May 2013 |
[41] |
|
F. gigantica and F. hepatica |
- | 2011 | 104 faecal | 26% | Yunnan province Investigation after human F. gigantica infection |
[42] | |
| India | F. gigantica | - | 2001–2004 | 12,741 faecal 812 livers |
2.35–4.68% | North India 2.35% of faecal samples 4.68% of livers |
[43] |
| F. gigantica | - | 2001–2004 | 3,956 faecal | 2.02% | Uttar Pradesh area | [44] | |
| Fasciola spp. | - | - | 300 faecal 90 GI tracts |
10.97–12.87% | Patna, Bihar 12.87% of faecal samples 10.97% from gastrointestinal (GI) tract examination |
[45] | |
| Nepal | Fasciola spp. | - | 2014 | 100 faecal | 47% | Mahottari district had high prevalence | [46] |
| Bangladesh | F. gigantica | Black Bengal | 2007–2008 | 325 livers | 21.54% | Sylhet district | [47] |
| F. gigantica | Jamnapari and Black Bengal |
2016–2017 | 102 livers | 10.84–15.79% | Rajshahi metropolitan area 15.79% Jamnapari (of 19) 10.84% Black Bengal (of 83) |
[48] | |
| F. gigantica | Black Bengal | 2007–2008 | 318 livers | 20.75% | Sylhet district USD 115 per 1000 goat livers |
[49] | |
| F. gigantica | Black Bengal | 2014–2015 | 26,443 livers | 3.82% | High prevalence in Kushtia, Jhinaidah and Rajbari USD 2,375 lost from liver condemnation |
[50] | |
| Turkey | F. hepatica | Hair goats | 2018 | 580 livers | 14.14% | Siirt province | [51] |
| Iran | Fasciola spp. | - | 2015–2019 | - | 1.56% | Loss of USD 13.8 million from condemned sheep and goat livers 910,282 positive goats and sheep livers |
[8] |
| F. hepatica | - | 1999–2008 | 400,695 livers |
2.79% | Khuzestan, Southwest Iran | [52] | |
| Fasciola spp. | - | 2012–2013 | 151,924 livers | 2.76% | Kashan, Center of Iran USD 30,240 annually from contaminated livers |
[53] | |
| Pakistan | Fasciola spp. | - | 2004–2005 | 252 faecal | 0% | Rawalpindi and Islamabad regions | [54] |
| F. hepatica | - | 2007 | 300 faecal | 10% | Lahore area | [55] | |
| F. hepatica | Beetal goats | 2010 | 200 faecal 200 bile |
2–4% | Punjab districts 2% of faecal and 4% of bile samples via microscopy |
[56] | |