Table 2.
Vaccine antigen protection levels in goats.
| Parasite Species | Protein | Antigen 1 | Goat Breed | Delivery Route | Met 2 Dose | Group (Number of Goat) | Fluke Implementation Rate % | Reduction in Fluke Burden % (p-Value) |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F. hepatica | Cathepsin | rCL1 | Florida Servilla |
Subcutaneous | 200 | rCL1 + Quil A (n = 7) | 28% a | 39% | [96,97] |
| rCL1 (pro) | Malaguena | Subcutaneous | 100 | rCL1 + Quil A (n = 10) | 55.9% b | 0% | [98] | ||
| Phage CatL1 | Goats | Subcutaneous | 200 | Clone 11 (n = 6) | 29.75% c | 31% | [92] | ||
| Clone 13 (n = 6) | 22.9% c | 47% (p < 0.05) | |||||||
| Clone 13 + Quil A (n = 6) | 8.8% c | 79.5% (p < 0.05) | |||||||
| Phage CatL1/L2 | Cross breed | Subcutaneous | 200 | CL1 Clone 7 + Quil A (n = 5) | - | 55% (p < 0.05) | [93] | ||
| CL1 Clone 13 + Quil A (n = 5) | - | 70% (p < 0.05) | |||||||
| CL2 Clone 10 + Quil A (n = 5) | - | 32% | |||||||
| Glutathione S-transferase | nGST | Florida Servilla |
Subcutaneous | 200 | nGST + FCA/FIA 3 (n= 6) | 24% d | 9% | [99] | |
| rGSTsigma | Malaguena | Subcutaneous | 100 | rGSTsigma + Quil A (n = 6) | 59% b | 0% | [100] | ||
| Peroxiredoxin | rPrx | Florida Servilla |
Subcutaneous | 200 | rPrx + Quil A (n = 7) | 31% a | 33% | [96,101] | |
| Schisotosoma mansoni fatty acid-binding protein | rSm14 | Florida Servilla |
Subcutaneous | 200 | rSm14 + Quil A (n = 5) | 51% a | 0% | [96,102] | |
| pSm14 | Florida Servilla |
Subcutaneous | 200 | pSm14 + RIBI+ Alum (n = 6) | 14% d | 46% | [103] | ||
| Combination | rCL1, rPrx, rSm14 | Florida Servilla |
Subcutaneous | 200 | rCL1, rPrx, rSm14 (n = 6) | 42% a | 10% | [96] | |
| F. gigantica | Crude extract | Crude | Goats | Immunised | 125 | Crude + FCA/FIA 3 (n = 3) | 14.4% e | 23.7% | [104] |
| Excretory/secretory | E/S | Goats | Immunised | 125 | E/S + FCA/FIA 3 (n = 3) | 12.8% e | 32.2% | ||
| Glutathione S-transferase | nFgGST | Goats | Immunised | 125 | nFgGST + FCA/FIA 3 (n = 3) | 6.4% e | 66.1% (p < 0.05) |
1 n: native protein, r: recombinant, p: peptide, 2 Met: metacercaria 3 FCA/FIA: Freund’s adjuvant system, complete then incomplete. a, b, c, d, e = denotes groups belonging to the same trial. Unless p < 0.05 is stated then efficacy is insignificant.