Table 2.

Pharmacokinetic properties of uricosurics and hyperuricemic drugs discussed in this review. N/A, not available. ¹ Assuming f_u = 0.01 (if f_u is not available, or the measured f_u is <0.01). ² Pharmacokinetic data from cynomolgus monkey. ³ Refers to the parent compound. ⁴ Steady-state trough concentration.

Drug/Compound	MW	Dose	Cgut	Cmax	fu	Cmax,u	References
Uricosurics
Benzbromarone	424	100 mg	943 µM	7 µM	0.01	0.07 µM	[91]
Probenecid	285	2000 mg	28.1 mM	520.7 µM	0.09	46.9 µM	[70,92,93]
Lesinurad	404	200 mg	1.98 mM	29 µM	0.016	0.46 µM	[94,95]
Verinurad	348	10 mg	115 µM	0.46 µM	0.02	0.0092 µM	[96]
Dotinurad	358	4 mg	44.8 µM	1.2 µM	0.007	0.012 µM 1	[69]
Arhalofenate	416	600 mg	5.77 mM	337 µM	N/A	3.37 µM 1	[97]
Fenofibrate	361	67 mg	742 µM	25.8 µM	0.01	0.236 µM	[98]
Fenofibric acid	319	-	-	N/A	N/A	0.81 µM	[99]
Tranilast	327	200 mg	2.45 mM	129 µM	N/A	1.29 µM 1	[100]
Losartan	423	50 mg	473 µM	0.60 µM	0.013	0.0078 µM	[101]
Sulfinpyrazone	405	200 mg	1.98 mM	48.1 µM	0.017	0.82 µM	[102]
Salicylate (high dose)	160	5200 mg	130 mM	1100 µM	0.25	275 µM	[103,104]
Epaminurad (UR-1102, URC-102) 2	414	~70 mg	676 µM	0.22 µM	N/A	0.0022 µM 1	[105]
Hyperuricemic drugs
Bumetanide	364	1 mg	11.0 µM	0.8 µM	0.125	0.1 µM	[72,106,107]
Furosemide	331	80 mg	970 µM	8–17 µM	0.041	0.697 µM	[51,108]
Torasemide	348	200 mg	2.30 mM	~51.7 µM	0.01	0.517 µM	[109,110]
Chlorothiazide	296	1000 mg	13.51 mM	120–240 µM	>0.1	>24 µM	[51]
Hydrochlorothiazide	298	100 mg	1342 µM	1.64 µM	0.33	0.54 µM	[111]
Bendroflumethiazide	421	5 mg	47.5 µM	0.08–0.2 µM	0.05	4–10 nM	[112,113]
Salicylate (low dose)	160	1000 mg	25 mM	~280 µM	0.25	~70 µM	[103,104]
Pyrazinoate (pyrazinamide metabolite)	124	3000 mg 3	-	≤150 µM	0.69	≤103.5 µM	[34,114]
Cyclosporine A	1202	300 mg	1.66 mM	1.5 µM	0.122	0.183 µM	[115]
Favipiravir	157	2400 mg	61.1 mM	294 µM 4	0.46	135 µM 4	[116]
Favipiravir M1	173	1200 mg 3	-	87.9 µM	0.712	62.6 µM	[117]