Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of adults with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate vs. untreated)
| TDF group | Untreated group | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 60) | (n = 146) | ||
| Follow-up duration (years) | 3.8 [2.6, 4.6] | 3.0 [1.9, 4.9] | 0.176 |
| Age (years) | 39 [33, 48] | 35 [30, 40] | 0.004 |
| Age > 60 (years) (%) | 4 (6.7) | 5 (3.4) | 0.510 |
| Gender (%) | |||
| Female | 20 (33.3) | 71 (48.6) | 0.064 |
| Male | 38 (63.3) | 68 (46.6) | 0.042 |
| Unreported | 2 (3.3) | 7 (4.8) | 1 |
| Ethnicity (%) § | |||
| Asian | 33 (55.0) | 33 (22.6) | < 0.001 |
| Black | 11 (18.3) | 31 (21.2) | 0.780 |
| White | 9 (15.0) | 28 (19.2) | 0.610 |
| Other | 4 (6.7) | 10 (6.8) | 1 |
| Unreported | 3 (5.0) | 44 (30.1) | < 0.001 |
| HBeAg positive (%) | 5 (8.3) | 4 (2.7) | 0.126 |
| Diabetes (%) † | |||
| Yes | 2 (3.3) | 6 (4.1) | 1 |
| No | 25 (41.7) | 72 (49.3) | 0.398 |
| Unknown | 33 (55.0) | 68 (46.6) | 0.344 |
| ALT (x ULN) (IU/L) | 1.1 [0.7, 1.8] | 0.6 [0.4, 0.8] | < 0.001 |
| HBV DNA (log10 IU/ml) | 4.8 [4.1, 6.1] | 2.7 [1.9, 3.5] | < 0.001 |
| qHBsAg (log10 IU/ml) | 3.0 [3.0, 3.6] | 3.0 [3.0, 3.6] | 0.425 |
| Liver stiffness (kPa) ‡ | 7.5 [5.0, 10.0] | 5.0 [4.0, 6.0] | 0.002 |
| < 8 kPa | 11 (18.3) | 69 (47.3) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 8 kPa and < 14 kPa | 9 (15.0) | 6 (4.1) | 0.015 |
| ≥ 14 kPa | 2 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| Unavailable | 38 (63.3) | 71 (48.6) | 0.077 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) # | 90 [89, > 90] | 90 [87, > 90] | 0.613 |
| ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73m2 | 29 (48.3) | 72 (49.3) | 1 |
| 60 ~ 89 ml/min/1.73m2 | 11 (18.3) | 30 (20.5) | 0.865 |
| < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.97) | 1 |
| Unavailable | 20 (33.3) | 43 (29.5) | 0.702 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/l) | 72 [57, 80] | 73 [57, 83] | 0.766 |
| Serum urea (mmol/l) | 5 [4, 6] | 4 [4, 6] | 0.199 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 42 [38, 44] | 41 [38, 45] | 0.861 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 114 [63, 163] | 96 [63, 150] | 0.266 |
| Bilirubin (total) (umol/L) | 10 [8, 15] | 9 [7, 12] | 0.104 |
| Platelet count (× 109/L) | 205 [162.5, 240.0] | 219 [185.5, 252.2] | 0.078 |
Data are the median [interquartile range] or number (%) unless otherwise indicated. For categorical variables, Fisher's exact test was performed for comparison on cells with small counts (< 5), otherwise Chi-square test was used. For continuous variables, Wilcoxon test was used for comparison due to non-normality. p values < 0.05 were deemed statistically significant, marked in bold. § Ethnicity was originally self-reported by patients according to NHS standard ethnic categories. † Diabetes was diagnosed using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), an HbA1c of 6.5% or 47.5 mmol/mol is a typical threshold for diagnosing diabetes. ‡ Liver stiffness was measured by transient elastography score in kiloPascals (kPa). # For eGFR, if a level was greater than 90 ml/min/1.73m2, it was not quantified by the hospital laboratory system. ALT Alanine aminotransferase; eGFR estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; ALP Alkaline phosphatase; TDF Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; qHBsAg quantitative HBsAg level; ULN upper limit of normal