Table 2.

Changes of HBV DNA VL (log₁₀ IU/ml) over time assessed by linear mixed effects models for patients treated with TDF vs. untreated

	Crude model		Adjusted for baseline age, gender, ethnicity
	Coefficient β (95% CI)	p-value	Coefficient β (95% CI)	p-value
(Intercept)	2.783 (2.627, 2.939)	< 0.001	3.476 (3.020, 3.931)	< 0.001
Group	0.162 (− 0.114, 0.437)	0.250	0.123 (− 0.163, 0.409)	0.399
Time	−0.013 (− 0.019, − 0.007)	< 0.001	−0.013 (− 0.019, − 0.007)	< 0.001
Group x Time a	−0.041 (− 0.050, − 0.032)	< 0.001	− 0.041 (− 0.050, − 0.032)	< 0.001

^a x indicates the interaction between group and follow-up time. Group = {0,1}, where 0 indicates untreated, 1 indicates TDF. A log transformation was applied to the dependent variable (HBV DNA) due to nonlinearity. CI confidence interval; TDF Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; VL viral load