Table 3.
Impact of the characteristics of COVID-19 patients on the six selected immune factors (IL-2. IFN-γ. IP-10 induced all by Spike; RANTES induced by NP Pool1; IP-10 induced by NP Pool2; IL-2 induced by ORF3a)
| Characteristics | NP Pool1 RANTES | Spike INF-γ | Spike IP-10 | NP Pool2 IP-10 | ORF3a IL-2 | Spike IL-2 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) | rs | p | Median (IQR) | rs | p | Median (IQR) | rs | p | Median (IQR) | rs | p | Median (IQR) | rs | p | Median (IQR) | rs | p | |
| Gender | ||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 540 (302–928) | Na | 0.935 | 164 (110–262) | Na | 0.194 | 1390 (375–4608) | Na | 0.33 | 1349 (0–5328) | Na | 0.513 | 59 (41–153) | Na | 0.67 | 33 (9–100) | Na | 0.935 |
| Female | 622 (0–1422) | 64 (7–166) | 385 (224–1677) | 2919 (580–6123) | 76 (24–132) | 29 (9–89) | ||||||||||||
| Age | Na | − 0.65 | 0.001 | Na | 0.03 | 0.893 | Na | − 0.14 | 0.513 | Na | − 0.06 | 0.792 | Na | − 0.15 | 0.519 | Na | 0 | 0.989 |
| Cortisone | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 894 (302–1025) | Na | 0.042 | 131 (51–208) | Na | 0.484 | 1107 (375–3145) | Na | 0.779 | 1136 (0–2464) | Na | 0.34 | 53 (29–132) | Na | 0.376 | 42 (9–100) | Na | 0.916 |
| Yes | 380 (0–424) | 166 (116–243) | 1394 (81–2629) | 3025 (140–8414) | 109 (47–153) | 25 (12–54) | ||||||||||||
| Sympotms | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 237 (0–1025) | Na | 0.391 | 208 (0–262) | Na | 0.92 | 375 (0–1107) | Na | 0.191 | 0 (0–0) | Na | 0.036 | 62 (9–67) | Na | 0.427 | 9 (1–42) | Na | 0.159 |
| Yes | 588 (302–928) | 147 (110–243) | 1510 (289–4608) | 1684 (140–5328) | 56 (32–153) | 46 (12–132) | ||||||||||||
| Days from onset sympotms | Na | − 0.21 | 0.405 | Na | 0.2 | 0.416 | Na | 0.35 | 0.15 | Na | 0.41 | 0.093 | Na | 0.8 | 0 | Na | 0.72 | 0.001 |
| Severity of disease | ||||||||||||||||||
| asy/mild/ | 770 (456–1135) | Na | 0.015 | 147 (114–235) | Na | 0.548 | 1510 (890–4488) | Na | 0.061 | 1684 (0–6464) | Na | 0.567 | 62 (32–156) | Na | 0.647 | 37 (10–120) | Na | 0.462 |
| mod | ||||||||||||||||||
| sev/crit | 260 (0–414) | 116 (7–243) | 289 (0–2307) | 1136 (18–2464) | 56 (22–125) | 16 (0–80) | ||||||||||||
| Lymphocytes (× 103) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage | Na | 0.43 | 0.042 | Na | 0.46 | 0.026 | Na | 0.41 | 0.052 | Na | 0.06 | 0.772 | Na | 0.23 | 0.299 | Na | 0.22 | 0.309 |
| Number | Na | 0.28 | 0.204 | Na | 0.11 | 0.631 | Na | 0.1 | 0.653 | Na | − 0.05 | 0.83 | Na | 0.08 | 0.727 | Na | − 0.08 | 0.727 |
| Serology | ||||||||||||||||||
| IgG index | Na | − 0.12 | 0.594 | Na | − 0.12 | 0.596 | Na | − 0.15 | 0.499 | Na | 0.17 | 0.433 | Na | 0.19 | 0.385 | Na | 0.24 | 0.271 |
| IgG score | ||||||||||||||||||
| Negative | 491 (281–1153) | Na | 0.975 | 162 (106–345) | Na | 0.917 | 2251 (882–5219) | Na | 0.386 | 2091 (0–3896) | Na | 0.823 | 87 (28–147) | Na | 0.384 | 37 (6–90) | Na | 0.351 |
| Positive | 540 (237–1013) | 131 (116–208) | 902 (289–2629) | 1136 (26–5385) | 64 (41–139) | 42 (12–132) | ||||||||||||
| Doubtful | 671 (414–928) | 125 (7–243) | 1153 (0–2307) | 683 (18–1349) | 33 (20–47) | 8 (0–16) | ||||||||||||
| IgM index | Na | 0.13 | 0.563 | 0.21 | 0.333 | Na | 0.29 | 0.157 | Na | 0.59 | 0.003 | Na | 0.45 | 0.038 | Na | 0.46 | 0.028 | |
| IgM score | ||||||||||||||||||
| Negative | 414 (260–1013) | Na | 0.666 | 116 (51–243) | Na | 0.538 | 877 (0–2307) | Na | 0.157 | 18 (0–1960) | Na | 0.017 | 47 (24–117) | Na | 0.2 | 11 (1–54) | Na | 0.036 |
| Positive | 588 (331–1084) | 147 (119–237) | 1868 (692–4488) | 3462 (946–7979) | 102 (41–157) | 46 (23–135) | ||||||||||||
Bold values indicate p values<0.05
Mann-Whitney or Kruskall-Wallis Test for categorical variables; Spearman’s correlation for continuous variables
rs : Sperman’s correlation coefficient; Asy/mild/mod: asymptomatic/mild/moderate; Sev/crit: severe/critical; Na: not applicable