Table 3.
Differences between participants with and without problematic social media use according BSMAS ≥ 19
| Variables | PSMU− N = 567 |
PSMU+ N = 154 |
Test | p | Effect size, r |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Younger (18–24) young adults, N (%) | 335 (59.1%) | 106 (68.8%) | χ2 = 4.845 | 0.028 | 0.082 |
| Age, M ± SD | 24.33 ± 3.75 | 23.40 ± 3.42 | U = 37260.0 | 0.005 | 0.104 |
| Females, N (%) | 382 (67.4%) | 122 (79.2%) | χ2 = 8.081 | 0.004 | 0.106 |
| Students, N (%) | 365 (64.4%) | 114 (74.0%) | χ2 = 5.060 | 0.024 | 0.084 |
| Employed, N (%) | 166 (29.3%) | 29 (18.8%) | χ2 = 6.687 | 0.010 | 0.096 |
| Educational level > 13 years, N (%) | 261 (46.0%) | 55 (35.7%) | χ2 = 5.237 | 0.022 | 0.085 |
| BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, N (%) | 53 (9.3%) | 24 (15.6%) | χ2 = 7.065 | 0.070 | 0.172 |
| BMI between 18.50 and 24.99 kg/m2, N (%) | 422 (74.4%) | 112 (72.7%) | |||
| BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2, N (%) | 78 (13.8%) | 17 (11.0%) | |||
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, N (%) | 14 (2.5%) | 1 (0.6%) | |||
| BMI, M ± SD | 22.30 ± 3.30 | 21.39 ± 3.13 | U = 36207.0 | < 0.001 | 0.121 |
| Married or living with partner, N (%) | 71 (12.5%) | 13 (8.4%) | χ2 = 1.959 | 0.162 | 0.052 |
| Tobacco use (last 12 months), N (%) | 253 (44.6%) | 58 (37.7%) | χ2 = 2.391 | 0.122 | 0.058 |
| Substances use (last 12 months), N (%) | 135 (22.8%) | 26 (16.9%) | χ2 = 3.350 | 0.067 | 0.068 |
| CAGE ≥ 2, N (%) | 70 (12.3%) | 24 (15.6%) | χ2 = 1.120 | 0.290 | 0.039 |
| CAGE total, M ± SD | 0.42 ± 0.82 | 0.58 ± 0.99 | U = 40225.5 | 0.053 | 0.056 |
| EAT-26 ≥ 20, N (%) | 81 (14.3%) | 39 (25.3%) | χ2 = 10.638 | 0.001 | 0.121 |
| EAT-26 total score, M ± SD | 9.15 ± 12.23 | 13.49 ± 14.77 | U = 36653.5 | 0.002 | 0.114 |
| MDDI > 39, N (%) | 18 (3.2%) | 8 (5.2%) | χ2 = 1.422 | 0.233 | 0.044 |
| MDDI total score, M ± SD | 22.92 ± 7.47 | 24.84 ± 8.13 | U = 37611.0 | 0.008 | 0.098 |
| BSI cut-off, N (%) | 99 (17.5%) | 71 (46.1%) | χ2 = 55.143 | < 0.001 | 0.277 |
| BSI-GSI, M ± SD | 0.84 ± 0.63 | 1.45 ± 0.71 | U = 21901.5 | < 0.001 | 0.354 |
Bold values represent p < 0.05
Original, BSMAS Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, PSMU problematic social media use, CAGE Cut-Annoyed-Guilty-Eye (CAGE) questionnaire, MDDI Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory, EAT-26 Eating Attitudes Test-26, BSI-GSI Brief Symptom Inventory-Global severity Index