Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics According to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels
| Total | High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |||
| Number | 6549 | 1448 | 1346 | 1245 | 1212 | 1298 | |
| Age, years | 60.82 ± 14.36 | 58.74 ± 14.59 | 59.79 ± 14.84 | 60.99 ± 13.75 | 61.69 ± 13.93 | 63.21 ± 14.16 | <0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Male | 3372 (51.49) | 1016 (70.17) | 810 (60.18) | 634 (50.92) | 495 (40.84) | 417 (32.13) | |
| Female | 3177 (48.51) | 432 (29.83) | 536 (39.82) | 611 (49.08) | 717 (59.16) | 881 (67.87) | |
| Race, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Non-white | 4005 (61.15) | 773 (53.38) | 819 (60.85) | 760 (61.04) | 800 (66.01) | 853 (65.72) | |
| White | 2544 (38.85) | 675 (46.62) | 527 (39.15) | 485 (38.96) | 412 (33.99) | 445 (34.28) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| No | 3128 (48.10) | 579 (40.18) | 622 (46.70) | 608 (49.27) | 627 (51.95) | 692 (53.69) | |
| Yes | 3375 (51.90) | 862 (59.82) | 710 (53.30) | 626 (50.73) | 580 (48.05) | 597 (46.31) | |
| Education level, n (%) | 0.059 | ||||||
| Less than high school | 2576 (39.68) | 600 (41.67) | 549 (41.15) | 479 (38.85) | 479 (39.82) | 469 (36.58) | |
| High school or above | 3916 (60.32) | 840 (58.33) | 785 (58.85) | 754 (61.15) | 724 (60.18) | 813 (63.42) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 32.01 ± 7.35 | 33.05 ± 6.92 | 32.46 ± 7.26 | 32.38 ± 7.42 | 31.79 ± 7.29 | 30.26 ± 7.59 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 132.50 ± 20.82 | 130.52 ± 19.26 | 131.84 ± 20.81 | 132.25 ± 20.60 | 133.37 ± 21.49 | 134.80 ± 21.81 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 68.64 ± 15.32 | 69.90 ± 15.02 | 68.85 ± 15.60 | 68.73 ± 15.19 | 68.35 ± 15.32 | 67.20 ± 15.39 | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mg/min/1.73m2 | 79.65 ± 30.10 | 80.34 ± 31.38 | 79.78 ± 30.44 | 79.04 ± 27.60 | 80.17 ± 28.04 | 78.86 ± 32.37 | 0.636 |
| Glycohemoglobin, % | 7.22 ± 1.77 | 7.43 ± 1.82 | 7.29 ± 1.73 | 7.27 ± 1.81 | 7.14 ± 1.74 | 6.92 ± 1.72 | <0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 154.81 ± 64.58 | 165.32 ± 70.67 | 158.86 ± 68.06 | 156.33 ± 62.46 | 148.38 ± 57.03 | 145.67 ± 61.69 | <0.001 |
| Serum lipid level | |||||||
| Triglycerides | <0.001 | ||||||
| mg/dL | 179.78 ± 183.04 | 282.30 ± 259.18 | 205.00 ± 252.62 | 166.35 ± 99.26 | 135.79 ± 69.09 | 113.06 ± 60.29 | |
| mmol/L | 2.03 ± 2.07 | 3.19 ± 2.93 | 2.31 ± 2.85 | 1.88 ± 1.12 | 1.53 ± 0.78 | 1.28 ± 0.68 | |
| Low density lipoprotein | 0.002 | ||||||
| mg/dL | 109.09 ± 37.17 | 103.10 ± 36.75 | 111.39 ± 36.95 | 110.21 ± 36.34 | 110.41 ± 37.82 | 109.37 ± 37.45 | |
| mmol/L | 2.82 ± 0.96 | 2.67 ± 0.95 | 2.88 ± 0.96 | 2.85 ± 0.94 | 2.86 ± 0.98 | 2.83 ± 0.97 | |
| Total cholesterol | <0.001 | ||||||
| mg/dL | 193.09 ± 48.10 | 185.30 ± 50.10 | 192.35 ± 51.31 | 193.07 ± 46.68 | 193.05 ± 43.34 | 202.58 ± 46.34 | |
| mmol/L | 4.99 ± 1.24 | 4.79 ± 1.30 | 4.97 ± 1.33 | 4.99 ± 1.21 | 4.99 ± 1.12 | 5.24 ± 1.20 | |
| High density lipoprotein | <0.001 | ||||||
| mg/dL | 48.12 ± 14.15 | 32.28 ± 4.12 | 40.65 ± 1.65 | 46.30 ± 1.68 | 53.69 ± 2.56 | 70.08 ± 11.27 | |
| mmol/L | 1.24 ± 0.37 | 0.84 ± 0.11 | 1.05 ± 0.04 | 1.20 ± 0.04 | 1.39 ± 0.07 | 1.81 ± 0.29 | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||
| Hypertension | 0.286 | ||||||
| No | 1457 (22.27) | 340 (23.50) | 306 (22.78) | 288 (23.15) | 255 (21.04) | 268 (20.66) | |
| Yes | 5086 (77.73) | 1107 (76.50) | 1037 (77.22) | 956 (76.85) | 957 (78.96) | 1029 (79.34) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | <0.001 | ||||||
| No | 5008 (76.99) | 1045 (72.47) | 1013 (75.94) | 956 (77.35) | 967 (80.25) | 1027 (79.74) | |
| Yes | 1497 (23.01) | 397 (27.53) | 321 (24.06) | 280 (22.65) | 238 (19.75) | 261 (20.26) | |
| Cancer | 0.203 | ||||||
| No | 5636 (86.77) | 1271 (88.26) | 1161 (87.10) | 1067 (86.61) | 1042 (86.54) | 1095 (85.15) | |
| Yes | 859 (13.23) | 169 (11.74) | 172 (12.90) | 165 (13.39) | 162 (13.46) | 191 (14.85) | |
| Treatment, n (%) | |||||||
| Antihypertensive drugs | 0.331 | ||||||
| No | 2704 (41.29) | 618 (42.68) | 562 (41.75) | 528 (42.41) | 480 (39.60) | 516 (39.75) | |
| Yes | 3845 (58.71) | 830 (57.32) | 784 (58.25) | 717 (57.59) | 732 (60.40) | 782 (60.25) | |
| Hypoglycemic agents, | 0.145 | ||||||
| No | 2980 (45.50) | 676 (46.69) | 612 (45.47) | 577 (46.35) | 512 (42.24) | 603 (46.46) | |
| Yes | 3569 (54.50) | 772 (53.31) | 734 (54.53) | 668 (53.65) | 700 (57.76) | 695 (53.54) | |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 0.361 | ||||||
| No | 4275 (65.28) | 966 (66.71) | 893 (66.34) | 797 (64.02) | 771 (63.61) | 848 (65.33) | |
| Yes | 2274 (34.72) | 482 (33.29) | 453 (33.66) | 448 (35.98) | 441 (36.39) | 450 (34.67) | |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 0.014 | ||||||
| No | 6195 (94.59) | 1357 (93.72) | 1266 (94.06) | 1167 (93.73) | 1158 (95.54) | 1247 (96.07) | |
| Yes | 354 (5.41) | 91 (6.28) | 80 (5.94) | 78 (6.27) | 54 (4.46) | 51 (3.93) | |
| Outcomes, n (%) | |||||||
| Cancer mortality | 0.651 | ||||||
| No | 6287 (96.00) | 1382 (95.44) | 1296 (96.29) | 1193 (95.82) | 1170 (96.53) | 1246 (95.99) | |
| Yes | 262 (4.00) | 66 (4.56) | 50 (3.71) | 52 (4.18) | 42 (3.47) | 52 (4.01) | |
| Cardiovascular disease mortality | 0.417 | ||||||
| No | 6160 (94.06) | 1347 (93.02) | 1268 (94.21) | 1172 (94.14) | 1147 (94.64) | 1226 (94.45) | |
| Yes | 389 (5.94) | 101 (6.98) | 78 (5.79) | 73 (5.86) | 65 (5.36) | 72 (5.55) | |
| All-cause mortality | 0.003 | ||||||
| No | 5003 (76.39) | 1074 (74.17) | 1023 (76.00) | 953 (76.55) | 975 (80.45) | 978 (75.35) | |
| Yes | 1546 (23.61) | 374 (25.83) | 323 (24.00) | 292 (23.45) | 237 (19.55) | 320 (24.65) | |
Notes: Values are mean ± standardized differences or n (%). Continuous variables were tested using a one-way ANOVA, and count variables were tested using a Chi-square.
Abbreviations: Q, quintiles; n, number; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.