Table 1.

The information about the utilized test functions.

No.	Test function	Minimum value	Boundary
1	$F_1=\sum _{n=1}^N{x}_n^2$	0	−∞≤x ≤ ∞
2	$F_2=\sum _{n=1}^{N-1}\left(100\times {\left[x_{n+1}-x_n^2\right]}^2+{\left[1-x_n\right]}^2\right)$	0	−∞≤xn ≤ ∞
3	$F_3=\sum _{n=1}^N\left|x_n\right|-10\cos \left(\sqrt{\left|10x_n\right|}\right)$	0	−∞≤xn ≤ ∞
4	F 4 = xsin(4x) + 1.1ysin (2y)	-18.5547	0 ≤ x, y ≤ 10
5	$F_5=\left[\sum _{n=1}^N{nx}_n^4\right]+N_n\left(0,1\right)$	Varies	−∞≤x ≤ ∞
6	$F_6=10N+\sum _{n=1}^N\left[x_n^2-10\cos \left(2\pi x_n\right)\right]$	0	−∞≤xn ≤ ∞
7	$F_7=1+\sum _{n=1}^N\frac{x_n^2}{4000}-\prod _{n=1}^N\cos \left(x_n\right)$	0	−∞≤xn ≤ ∞
8	$F_8=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{{\sin }^2\sqrt{x^2+y^2}-0.5}{1+0.1\left(x^2+y^2\right)}$	-0.5231	−∞≤x, y ≤ ∞