Table 1.
Patient and pathology characteristics
| Surgery, no. (%)a | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics, no. (%) | Open (n = 342) | Laparoscopic (n = 140) | p value |
| Diagnosis year | |||
| 2010–2012 | 169 (49) | 65 (46) | 0.55 |
| 2013–2015 | 173 (51) | 75 (54) | |
| Treatment centerb | 335 | 135 | |
| Regional hospital | 238 (71) | 111 (82) | 0.012 |
| Academic center | 97 (29) | 24 (18) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 197 (58) | 60 (43) | 0.003 |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 64 (12) | 60 (12) | 0.009 |
| Tumor grade: no evaluable | 341 | 138 | |
| Grade 1 | 270 (79) | 110 (80) | 0.90 |
| Grade 2 | 71 (21) | 28 (20) | |
| Clinical TNM classificationb | |||
| registered cT stage | 88 | 33 | < 0.001 |
| cT4 | 26 (30) | 4 (12) | |
| registered cN stage | 259 | 109 | < 0.001 |
| cN1-2 | 165 (64) | 37 (34) | |
| registered cM stage | 341 | 139 | < 0.001 |
| cM1 | 140 (41) | 28 (20) | |
| Pathological T classificationb | 320 | 133 | |
| pT1 | 8 (2) | 20 (15) | < 0.001 |
| pT2 | 31 (10) | 20 (15) | |
| pT3 | 169 (53) | 56 (42) | |
| pT4 | 112 (35) | 37 (28) | |
| Pathological N classificationb | 296 | 123 | |
| pN0 | 45 (15) | 24 (20) | 0.018 |
| pN1 | 198 (67) | 90 (73) | |
| pN2 | 53 (18) | 9 (7) | |
| Pathological M classificationb | |||
| pM1 | 112 (33) | 28 (20) | 0.005 |
| Multifocal tumors | 81 (24) | 19 (14) | 0.014 |
| Size of (largest) primary tumor, mm, mean (SD) | 21 (10) | 18 (10) | 0.007 |
| Lymph nodes | |||
| Number of examined LNs, mean (SD) | 12 (10) | 11 (7) | 0.81 |
| Number of tumor positive LNs, mean (SD) | 3 (4) | 3 (3) | 0.43 |
| Disease stageb | 312 | 124 | |
| Stage I-II | 25 (8) | 17 (14) | 0.012 |
| Stage III | 175 (56) | 79 (64) | |
| Stage IV | 112 (36) | 28 (22) | |
| Resection margin | 300 | 118 | |
| R0 | 244 (81) | 105 (89) | 0.06 |
| R1/2 | 56 (19) | 13 (11) | |
| Conversion ratec | – | 8/22 (36) | – |
| 30-day mortality | 16 (5) | 3 (2) | 0.19 |
aUnless stated otherwise
bData are reported for evaluable cases
cConversion rates were only reported in 2015, during which 22 laparoscopic resections were performed
SD Standard deviation, mm millimeter, LN Lymph node