Table 1.
Demographics study population
| Total study population | Assessment by consultation liaison psychiatry physician | Admitted to complexity intervention unit | Police officers required at first moment of incident | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 142 | N = 56 | N = 25 | N = 25 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 100 (70%) | 41 (73%) | 21 (84%) | 21 (84%) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| Mean ± standard deviation | 36.82 (± 14.7) | 44.9 (± 13.5)*** + | 45.6 (± 12.7) *** + | 44.2 (± 14.9)** + |
| Substance-related disorders | ||||
| Alcohol intoxication | 78 (54%) | 21 (38%) **- | 10 (40%) | 12 (48%) |
| Alcohol dependency | 27 (19%) | 21 (38%)*** + | 13 (52%)*** + | 4 (16%) |
| GHB intoxication | 15 (11%) | 1 (2%)*- | 0 (0%) | 2 (8%) |
| Amphetamine intoxication | 10 (7%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (8%) |
| Cannabis dependency | 10 (7%) | 4 (7%) | 2 (8%) | 2 (8%) |
| Cocaine intoxication | 9 (6%) | 3 (5%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) |
| Alcohol withdrawal | 7 (5%) | 7 (13%)** + | 4 (16%)* + | 0 (0%) |
| Other substance abuse | 32 (23%) | 21 (38%)** + | 7 (28%) | 9 (36%) |
| Psychiatric disturbances | ||||
| Psychiatric disturbance present | 65 (46%) | 25 (45%) | 14 (56%) | 11 (44%) |
| Suicidal behavior | 18 (13%) | 16 (29%)*** + | 7 (28%)* + | 3 (12%) |
| Personality disorder | 17 (12%) | 13 (23%)*** + | 8 (32%)** + | 5 (20%) |
| Psychotic state | 12 (8%) | 10 (18%)** + | 3 (12%) | 5 (20%) |
| Cognitive impairment | 5 (4%) | 5 (9%)** + | 5 (20%)*** + | 1 (4%) |
| Delirium | 9 (6%) | 6 (11%) | 4 (16%) | 3 (12%) |
| Autism | 5 (4%) | 3 (5%) | 2 (8%) | 0 (0%) |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | 5 (4%) | 3 (5%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) |
| Other psychiatric disorders | 20 (14%) | 14 (25%)** + | 6 (24%) | 5 (20%) |
| Somatic disturbances present | 48 (34%) | 32 (57%)*** + | 19 (76%)*** + | 8 (32%) |
| Current treatment in mental healthcare | # | 33 (59%) | 12 (48%) | 12 (48%) |
| History of treatment in mental healthcare | # | 49 (88%) | 21 (84%) | 14 (56%) |
| Compulsory admission | 6 (4%) | 5 (9%)* + | 3 (12%) | 3 (12%) |
| Re-visit ER with similar problem | 9 (6%) | 6 (11%) | 5 (20%)** + | 2 (8%) |
Variables + are larger in group shown than in rest group (e.g., age is significantly higher in persons receiving extensive broad psychiatric, somatic and social assessment than persons without assessment); Variables—are smaller in group shown than in rest group (e.g., alcohol intoxication was less common in persons with an extensive broad psychiatric, somatic, and social assessment than without assessment)
***P < .001; **P < .01; *P < .05
# These data were not collected by the ER physician and can only be determined in the subgroup consulted by a consultation–liaison–psychiatry physician