Table 3.

Multivariable analysis of factors associated with health literacy among respondents on daily medications (N = 4091)

Variables	B	Wald χ2	P value	OR (95 % CI)
Gender
Male				1
Female	0.18	4.49	0.034	1.20 (1.01–1.43)
Highest completed education
Basic school				1
High school & vocational	0.27	7.78	0.005	1.32 (1.08–1.61)
Medium education	0.85	35.76	< 0.001	2.35 (1.77–3.10)
Higher education	1.20	24.50	< 0.001	3.34 (2.07–5.39)
Average family income per year (€)
< 33,334				1
33,334–46,666	0.15	2.28	0.131	1.16 (0.95–1.42)
> 46,666	0.28	5.80	0.016	1.32 (1.05–1.66)
Smoking
Never a smoker				1
Quit smoking	-0.07	0.54	0.460	0.93 (0.76–1.12)
Smoker	0.14	1.29	0.253	1.15 (0.90–1.46)
Alcohol consumption (unit per week)
Non-drinker				1
1–14 units	0.03	0.09	0.756	1.03 (0.84–1.25)
>14 units	0.28	3.06	0.081	1.33 (0.96–1.83)
Information about the prescribed medicines
Poor				1
Sufficient	1.11	77.44	< 0.001	3.05 (2.38–3.91)
Perception that taking medicines daily is difficult and time consuming
Disagree				1
Agree	-0.33	11.15	0.001	0.71 (0.59–0.87)
Often forgetting to take prescribed medicines
Disagree				1
Agree	-0.57	21.62	< 0.001	0.56 (0.44–0.71)
Satisfaction with life
Low				1
Moderate	0.20	1.39	0.236	1.23 (0.87–1.73)
Strong	0.57	9.98	0.002	1.78 (1.24–2.55)
Satisfaction with health
Low				1
Moderate	0.05	0.12	0.718	1.05 (0.80–1.38)
Strong	0.29	3.09	0.078	1.33 (0.96–1.84)
Self-assessed health
Poor				1
Good	0.29	5.24	0.022	1.34 (1.04–1.73)
Willingness to take health risks
Low				1
Moderate	0.001	0.0001	0.988	1.00 (0.82–1.22)
Strong	0.17	2.01	0.156	1.19 (0.93–1.51)