Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of 275 Gen3G mother–child pairs included in this study
| Mean (SD)/N (%) | |
|---|---|
| Mother | |
| Age (year) | 28.5 (4.2) |
| Height (cm) | 164.8 (6.4) |
| Weight (kg) | 69.3 (15.6) |
| Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) | 25.5 (5.7) |
| Parity | |
| Being primiparous | 132 (48.0) |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus† | 23 (8.4) |
| Insulin therapy | 9 (3.3) |
| Dietary intervention | 14 (5.1) |
| Smoking (at 1st trimester) | |
| Currently smoking | 21 (7.6) |
| Child | |
| Gestational age at birth (week) | 39.5 (1.0) |
| Male | 150 (54.5) |
| Birthweight (kg) | 3.4 (0.4) |
| Height (cm) at age 3* | 96.9 (4.4) |
| Weight (kg) at age 3 | 15.2 (1.9) |
| BMI (kg/m2) at age 3* | 16.2 (1.6) |
| Estimated cord blood cell type proportions (%) | |
| B-cell | 9.5 (3.0) |
| CD4+ T-cell | 15.8 (5.3) |
| CD8+ T-cell | 12.6 (3.4) |
| Granulocyte | 39.9 (9.2) |
| Monocyte | 9.0 (2.6) |
| Natural killer cell | 2.0 (2.6) |
| Nucleated red blood cell | 11.2 (5.9) |
*Three (1.1%) children had missing data and were not included in DNAm-age 3 BMI z-score association tests
†Demographic and clinical characteristics with respect to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus are presented in Additional file 1: Supplementary Tables S1 and S2