a–d, Embryos carrying E3N::lacZ reporter constructs stained with anti-β-galactosidase. a, b, Wild-type E3N::lacZ at stages 15 and 14. c, d, E3N::lacZ construct with increased Ubx affinity at stages 15 and 14. e, Measurements of stripe (intra), naked (inter-stripe), and anterior (ectopic) nuclear expression by wild-type E3N::lacZ and Ubx high-affinity E3N::lacZ. Centre line, mean; upper and lower limits, s.d.; whiskers, 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Two-tailed t-test, ***P < 0.01 (n = 50, 10 embryos). f, Change in expression between mutant lines and wild-type, comparing total Ubx affinity (shades of green and circle size), anterior intensity, stage 14 intensity, and stage 15 intensity. Inset, model for Ubx affinity and linked traits. a, Scale bar, 100 μm; embryos in a–d are matched for scale.