Table 1. Demographic Characteristics according to Fracture in Older Korean Adults with Osteoporosis.
| Characteristic | Fracture | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n=527) | Yes (n=111) | |||
| Age (yr) | 72.50±0.28 | 74.47±0.58 | 0.003 | |
| Female | 459 (85.3) | 101 (89.1) | 0.365 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.30±0.18 | 23.10±0.35 | 0.610 | |
| BMD of the femoral neck (g/cm2) | 0.53±0.01 | 0.50±0.01 | 0.002 | |
| T-score of the femoral neck | −2.60±0.05 | −2.86±0.07 | 0.002 | |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin D (nmol/L) | 45.42±1.21 | 46.36±2.07 | 0.698 | |
| Daily calcium intake (mg) | 389.50±43.75 | 308.65±23.10 | 0.044 | |
| Osteoporosis diagnosis or parental history of fracture | 68 (12.6) | 15 (17.7) | 0.314 | |
| Current smoking | 0.019 | |||
| Yes | 47 (10.8) | 5 (3.5) | ||
| No | 476 (89.2) | 106 (96.5) | ||
| Monthly alcohol intake | 0.816 | |||
| Yes | 104 (18.4) | 18 (17.4) | ||
| No | 419 (81.6) | 93 (82.6) | ||
| Physical activity* | 0.002 | |||
| Yes | 250 (47.4) | 37 (27.7) | ||
| No | 273 (52.6) | 74 (72.3) | ||
| 10-year fracture probability (%)† | 3.39±0.08 | 5.71±0.25 | <0.001 | |
| Daily sunlight exposure | 0.030 | |||
| <5 h | 355 (72.3) | 87 (83.1) | ||
| ≥5 h | 172 (27.7) | 24 (16.9) | ||
BMI, body mass index; BMD, bone mineral density.
Data were obtained from the 2008–2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. p values were calculated using an independent t-test or chi-squared test. Continuous variables are expressed as means and standard deviations, and categorical variables are expressed as unweighted numbers and percentages.
*Defined as engaging in moderate or vigorous exercise on a regular basis (≥20 min at a time, at least three times per week), †Calculated using the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool according to the World Health Organization.