Table 1.
Characteristics of the longitudinal cohorts by race and sex.
| Characteristic | White | Black | P for race difference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| Longitudinal cohort I | N = 140 | N = 183 | N = 98 | N = 143 | ||
| Children at baseline | ||||||
| Age (year) | 13.6 (3.3) | 13.4 (3.1) | 12.7 (3.8) | 13.0 (3.6) | 0.046 | 0.317 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.3 (4.6) | 21.4 (5.4) | 20.6 (5.7) | 21.6 (5.2) | 0.988 | 0.339 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.1 (1.4) | 4.1 (1.1)** | 4.4 (1.5) | 3.7 (1.2)** | 0.001 | 0.011 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 105 (11) | 104 (10) | 104 (14) | 103 (11) | 0.126 | 0.984 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 62 (9) | 65 (8)** | 62 (10) | 63 (10) | 0.170 | 0.121 |
| Adults at follow-up | ||||||
| Age (year) | 25.4 (4.2) | 24.4 (3.6)* | 24.1 (4.3) | 24.5 (4.0) | 0.018 | 0.801 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 41 (29.3) | 56 (30.6) | 27 (27.6) | 20 (14.0)** | 0.771 | <0.001 |
| Drinkers, n (%) | 51 (36.4) | 29 (15.9)** | 45 (45.9) | 19 (13.3)** | 0.142 | 0.517 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.3 (6.2) | 27.9 (8.0) | 27.9 (6.8) | 31.2 (8.7)** | 0.955 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.2 (1.2) | 4.3 (1.1)** | 5.8 (1.3) | 4.3 (2.4)** | 0.166 | 0.811 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 116 (9) | 108 (9)** | 118 (12) | 110 (12)** | 0.027 | 0.043 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76 (7) | 71 (7)** | 76 (9) | 72 (11)** | 0.613 | 0.708 |
| Longitudinal cohort II | N = 276 | N = 379 | N = 89 | N = 167 | ||
| Adults at baseline | ||||||
| Age (year) | 34.8 (4.7) | 34.4 (4.9) | 34.4 (4.3) | 34.0 (5.1) | 0.342 | 0.403 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 74 (26.8) | 100 (26.4) | 43 (48.3) | 48 (28.7)** | <0.001 | 0.568 |
| Drinkers, n (%) | 94 (34.1) | 58 (15.3)** | 51 (57.3) | 35 (21.0)** | <0.001 | 0.105 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.0 (4.9) | 27.0 (6.6)* | 28.1 (6.9) | 31.1 (8.1)** | 0.995 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.0 (1.2) | 4.2 (1.1)** | 6.1 (1.3) | 4.2 (1.3)** | 0.405 | 0.645 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 116 (10) | 109 (10)** | 122 (14) | 117 (15)** | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78 (8) | 74 (8)** | 81 (11) | 78 (10)* | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Adults at follow-up | ||||||
| Age (year) | 45.6 (6.2) | 45.1 (6.5) | 44.5 (5.8) | 45.3 (6.6) | 0.132 | 0.765 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 66 (23.9) | 104 (27.4) | 43 (48.3) | 45 (27.0)** | <0.001 | 0.905 |
| Drinkers, n (%) | 125 (45.3) | 113 (29.8)** | 44 (49.4) | 27 (16.2)** | 0.495 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.0 (5.5) | 29.4 (7.2) | 29.6 (8.3) | 34.4 (8.8)** | 0.579 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.2 (1.3) | 4.6 (1.3)** | 6.4 (1.6) | 4.9 (1.5)** | 0.217 | 0.013 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 122 (12) | 115 (13)** | 130 (16) | 124 (20)** | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80 (9) | 75 (9)** | 85 (11) | 81 (12)** | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Data are presented in means (SD) or n (%).
Sex difference within racial groups: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure.