Table 2.
Daily nutrient intake from FFQ and 24-h dietary recall (24-HDR) among pregnant women living in the urban areas of Pune, India, between 2016 and 2019 and participating in the FFQ validation study (n 58)
(Medians and interquartile ranges (Q1, Q3))
| 24-HDR | FFQ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RDA* | Median | Q1, Q3 | Median | Q1, Q3 | P † | Percentage overestimation | |
| Energy (kJ) | 9414 | 10 552 | 8000, 11 958 | 10 673 | 8510, 13 962 | 0·12 | 1 |
| Protein (g) | 78 | 72·10 | 53·51, 84·82 | 83·44 | 62·70, 103·77 | 0·004 | 16 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 349·13 | 290·70, 419·67 | 361·93 | 306·80, 477·98 | 0·14 | 4 | |
| Fat (g) | 30 | 74·43 | 59·16, 94·95 | 89·15 | 66·23, 118·93 | 0·005 | 20 |
| Saturated fat (g) | 17·59 | 13·26, 25·01 | 21·58 | 14·68, 28·96 | 0·02 | 23 | |
| PUFA (g) | 20·56 | 15·28, 26·53 | 27·11 | 20·48, 35·33 | 0·0005 | 32 | |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 61·96 | 27·25, 117·45 | 201·36 | 50·66, 341·56 | <0 0001 | 225 | |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 1·2 | 1·04 | 0·84, 1·20 | 2·21 | 1·85, 2·87 | <0 0001 | 113 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 1·4 | 0·75 | 0·62, 0·90 | 1·24 | 1·04, 1·71 | <0 0001 | 65 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 60 | 41·59 | 30·56, 62·02 | 70·13 | 53·52, 101·66 | <0 0001 | 69 |
| Vitamin A (retinol activity equivalents, μg) | 800 | 109·21 | 72·03, 170·58 | 695·01 | 426·66, 1114·72 | <0 0001 | 536 |
| Ca (mg) | 1200 | 443·24 | 348·11, 572·56 | 624·51 | 464·99, 816·37 | <0 0001 | 41 |
| Fe (mg) | 35 | 15·32 | 12·91, 17·88 | 22·53 | 17·79, 28·46 | <0 0001 | 47 |
| P (mg) | 1204·74 | 988·10, 1398·23 | 1485·63 | 1194·03, 1765·65 | 0·0008 | 23 | |
| K (mg) | 2341·79 | 1971·40, 2782·80 | 3183·14 | 2434·23, 3991·86 | <0 0001 | 36 | |
| Na (mg) | 3456·57 | 2751·45, 4713·12 | 4448·50 | 3330·33, 5339·79 | 0·004 | 29 | |
| Zn (mg) | 12 | 9·73 | 8·22, 11·73 | 10·42 | 8·73, 12·92 | 0·15 | 7 |
*
RDA by National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) for a pregnant woman with a body weight of 55 kg and sedentary lifestyle.
†
Difference between the medians (Kruskal–Wallis test)