Table 4.
Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated with Mortality After Liver Surgery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
| 30-day mortality |
90-day mortalityb |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 8635 |
N = 8100 |
|||
| Characteristic | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-valuea | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-valuea |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 1.024 (1.014-1.034) | <.001 | 1.028 (1.017-1.039) | <.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | ||
| Female | .824 (.673-1.007) | .059 | .720 (.569-.911) | .006 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | — | — | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| African American | — | — | 1.321 (.981-1.778) | .066 |
| Asian/PI | — | — | .849 (.600-1.202) | .357 |
| Hispanic | — | — | 1.200 (.814-1.768) | .357 |
| Other/unknown | — | — | 1.026 (.560-1.879) | .933 |
| Miles to hospital | — | — | .999 (.998-1.000) | .095 |
| Income ($USD) | ||||
| <$38 000 | 1.00 (Reference) | — | — | |
| $38 000-$47 999 | .744 (.580-.953) | .019 | — | — |
| $48 000-$62 999 | .705 (.551-.901) | .005 | — | — |
| >$63k | .512 (.393-.667) | <.001 | — | — |
| Insurance type | ||||
| Private | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | ||
| Medicaid | 2.304 (1.678-3.163) | <.001 | 1.561 (1.079-2.259) | .018 |
| Medicare | 1.302 (1.016-1.669) | .037 | .965 (.740-1.258) | .793 |
| Not insured | 2.807 (1.912-4.121) | <.001 | 1.182 (.688-2.028) | .545 |
| Other/unknown | 1.907 (1.152-3.156) | .012 | 1.060 (.552-2.037) | .861 |
| Tumor size | ||||
| <2 cm | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | ||
| 2-5 cm | 1.262 (.821-1.939) | .289 | 1.380 (.838-2.273) | .206 |
| >5 cm | 1.247 (.813-1.912) | .312 | 1.225 (.747-2.008) | .421 |
| Unknown | 4.183 (2.536-6.900) | <.001 | 2.899 (1.575-5.338) | .001 |
| AJCC cancer stage | ||||
| Stage I | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | ||
| Stage II | 1.563 (1.223-1.996) | <.001 | 1.198 (.887-1.618) | .238 |
| Stage III | 1.910 (1.477-2.470) | <.001 | 2.827 (2.133-3.746) | <.001 |
| Stage IV | 2.101 (1.347-3.277) | .001 | 3.904 (2.504-6.088) | <.001 |
| Unknown | 1.881 (1.400-2.526) | <.001 | 1.531 (1.057-2.217) | .024 |
| Charlson-Deyo score | ||||
| 0 | 1.00 (Reference | 1.00 (Reference) | ||
| 1 | 1.237 (1.003-1.525) | .046 | 1.086 (.855-1.379) | .497 |
| 2 | 1.647 (1.304-2.079) | <.001 | 1.361 (1.038-1.783) | .026 |
| Hospital Type | ||||
| Communityc | 1.00 (Reference) | — | — | |
| Academic | .801 (.663-.966) | .020 | — | — |
| Care Transitions | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | — | — | |
| Yes | .708 (.583-.859) | <.001 | — | — |
| Surgery Type | ||||
| Wedge/segmental | — | — | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Lobectomy | — | — | 1.438 (1.134-1.824) | .003 |
| Extended lobectomy | — | — | 1.261 (.847-1.878) | .254 |
| Unknown | — | — | 1.333 (.955-1.859) | .091 |
| Readmission | ||||
| Yes | .552 (.344-.887) | .014 | 2.186 (1.580-3.026) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer, CI, confidence interval.
a
Odds ratios calculated using multivariable logistic regression.
b
Includes patients who were alive for at least 30 days after surgery: American Joint Committee on Cancer.
c
Includes comprehensive community cancer centers.