Table 5.
Group differences in sociodemographic variables regarding demoralization scores.
| Total score | LoM | DHM | DYS | SoF | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | |
| Occupation | ||||||||||
| Full or part time | 14.94 | (11.25) | 2.18 | (3.80) | 2.65 | (3.56) | 4.21 | (3.04) | 5.89 | (3.29) |
| Unemployed | 28.17 | (18.47) | 6.72 | (7.00) | 6.37 | (5.60) | 6.53 | (4.05) | 8.55 | (4.00) |
| Retired | 17.25 | (12.39) | 2.94 | (4.53) | 3.42 | (4.06) | 4.44 | (2.94) | 6.45 | (3.39) |
| Other | 18.02 | (13.47) | 3.22 | (4.75) | 3.52 | (4.29) | 5.03 | (3.53) | 6.25 | (3.16) |
| Partnership | ||||||||||
| Without partner | 19.11 | (14.25) | 3.67 | (5.17) | 3.92 | (4.54) | 4.86 | (3.35) | 6.66 | (3.47) |
| With partner | 14.88 | (11.10) | 2.10 | (3.76) | 2.62 | (3.48) | 4.24 | (3.04) | 5.92 | (3.30) |
| Income | ||||||||||
| <1,000 | 18.92 | (14.37) | 3.39 | (5.14) | 3.80 | (4.54) | 5.05 | (3.37) | 6.68 | (3.54) |
| 1,000–2,000 | 16.34 | (12.32) | 2.70 | (4.35) | 3.09 | (3.92) | 4.41 | (3.18) | 6.15 | (3.30) |
| >2,000 | 13.95 | (9.96) | 1.95 | (3.41) | 2.37 | (3.09) | 3.87 | (2.76) | 5.76 | (3.40) |
| Education | ||||||||||
| <10 years | 18.31 | (13.62) | 3.29 | (5.00) | 3.60 | (4.21) | 4.71 | (3.20) | 6.71 | (3.56) |
| 10–11 years | 15.50 | (11.95) | 2.33 | (4.10) | 2.86 | (3.87) | 4.23 | (3.12) | 6.08 | (3.29) |
| >11 years | 16.53 | (12.51) | 2.82 | (4.28) | 3.15 | (3.98) | 4.71 | (3.29) | 5.85 | (3.27) |
M, mean of Demoralization (sub-) scale; SD, standard deviation; calculations were controlled for age group and sex; LoM, Loss of Meaning; DHM, Disheartenment; DYS, Dysphoria; SoF, Sense of Failure.