Figure 2.

Flow diagram depicting the design of this single center, randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled pilot trial. Patients scheduled to undergo cardiovascular surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) will be subjected to eligibility assessment for inclusion in this trial to test the potential of short-term use of microdose lithium for protecting against CSA-AKI. This will include patients in the emergency department, general floors, critical care units, coronary care unit and step down/ telemetry units.