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Scheme diagram depicting study interventions to be given in this trial. Patients will receive microdose lithium carbonate or placebo treatment on day 0, 1, and 2 after the cardiovascular surgery. *Biomarkers that will be sent include urinary NGAL, KIM1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP-7).
