TABLE 1.
Prevalence and risk of DSM-5 insomnia across mental disorders stratified by sex in the SHoT2018 study.
|
Women (n = 34,437) |
Men (n = 15,399) |
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| Disorder (%) | (n) | Insomnia (%) | (n) | RR$ | (95% CI) | Disorder (%) | (n) | Insomnia % | (n) | RR | (95% CI) | |
| Healthy reference group | n/a | 24.8 | (3583) | n/a | n/a | 16.4 | (1386) | n/a | ||||
| Mental disorders | ||||||||||||
| ADHD | 0.9 | (317) | 63.7 | (202) | 2.56*** | 2.56-2.80 | 0.8 | (127) | 50.4 | (64) | 2.95*** | 2.47–3.53 |
| Anxiety disorder | 11.8 | (4,055) | 59.0 | (2,391) | 2.39*** | 2.30–2.49 | 6.1 | (946) | 51.9 | (491) | 3.07*** | 2.83–3.32 |
| Autism/Asperger | 0.2 | (64) | 68.8 | (44) | 2.77*** | 2.33–3.28 | 0.4 | (62) | 32.3 | (20) | 2.02*** | 1.39–2.92 |
| Bipolar disorder | 1.0 | (350) | 63.4 | (222) | 2.59*** | 2.38–2.81 | 0.7 | (112) | 55.4 | (62) | 3.15*** | 2.64–3.77 |
| Depression | 12.5 | (4,309) | 61.3 | (2,640) | 2.49*** | 2.40–2.58 | 7.7 | (1,184) | 55.4 | (656) | 3.31*** | 3.08–3.56 |
| PTSD | 2.4 | (825) | 65.6 | (541) | 2.67*** | 2.52–2.83 | 0.8 | (123) | 64.2 | (79) | 3.61*** | 3.10–4.19 |
| Schizophrenia | 0.04 | (12) | 83.3 | (10) | 3.37*** | 2.61–4.35 | 0.1 | (14) | 64.3 | (9) | 3.24*** | 2.16–4.86 |
| Personality disorder | 0.9 | (325) | 67.7 | (220) | 2.75*** | 2.53–2.99 | 0.5 | (83) | 54.2 | (45) | 3.16*** | 2.59–3.87 |
| Eating disorder | 3.5 | (1,207) | 61.7 | (745) | 2.50*** | 2.37–2.63 | 0.4 | (83) | 74.2 | (46) | 4.51*** | 3.87–5.27 |
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | 1.4 | (472) | 62.3 | (294) | 2.52*** | 2.34–2.72 | 0.6 | (100) | 46.0 | (46) | 2.72*** | 2.18–3.39 |
| Physical illnesses and conditions | ||||||||||||
| Atopic conditions | ||||||||||||
| Allergy and intolerances | 31.4 | (10,815) | 39.6 | (4,280) | 1.60*** | 1.54–1.66 | 27.9 | (4,289) | 26.3 | (1,128) | 1.60*** | 1.49–1.72 |
| Asthma | 9.2 | (3,155) | 42.3 | (1,336) | 1.71*** | 1.63–1.80 | 7.6 | (1,171) | 28.5 | (334) | 1.75*** | 1.58–1.94 |
| Eczema | 12.0 | (4,140) | 38.9 | (1,612) | 1.58*** | 1.50–1.66 | 6.9 | (1,066) | 26.6 | (284) | 1.60** | 1.43–1.79 |
| Neurological conditions | ||||||||||||
| Cerebral Palsy (CP) | 0.1 | (34) | 50.0 | (17) | 1.97* | 1.38–2.80 | 0.1 | (16) | 31.3 | (5) | 2.19* | 1.09–4.40 |
| Epilepsy | 0.5 | (168) | 45.2 | (76) | 1.83** | 1.54–2.17 | 0.4 | (62) | 21.0 | (13) | 1.31 | 0.81–2.17 |
| Migraine | 12.8 | (4,421) | 45.0 | (1,990) | 1.82*** | 1.74–1.90 | 4.6 | (710) | 37.9 | (269) | 2.28*** | 2.05–2.54 |
| Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | 0.1 | (32) | 25.0 | (8) | 1.01 | 0.56–1.85 | 0.1 | (12) | 16.7 | (2) | n/a | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 0.9 | (293) | 46.4 | (136) | 1.88*** | 1.65–2.14 | 0.5 | (81) | 46.9 | (38) | 2.77*** | 2.18–3.50 |
| Psychosomatic conditions | ||||||||||||
| Chronic fatigue syndrome/ME | 1.0 | (338) | 65.4 | (221) | 2.66*** | 2.44–2.89 | 0.2 | (33) | 48.5 | (16) | 2.81*** | 1.95–4.05 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.8 | (281) | 62.3 | (175) | 2.54*** | 2.30–2.81 | 0.1 | (8) | 75.0 | (6) | 4.35*** | 2.96–6.39 |
| Irritable bowel | 10.0 | (3,458) | 45.1 | (1,559) | 1.83*** | 1.74–1.91 | 4.1 | (631) | 40.6 | (256) | 2.37*** | 2.13–2.64 |
| Other somatic conditions | ||||||||||||
| Cancer | 0.1 | (31) | 51.6 | (16) | 2.08*** | 1.48–2.94 | 0.1 | (20) | 20.0 | (4) | n/a | |
| Diabetes (type 1) | 0.7 | (206) | 38.3 | (79) | 1.64*** | 1.40–1.92 | 0.9 | (116) | 20.7 | (24) | 1.37 | 0.99–1.90 |
| Heart disease | 0.7 | (238) | 46.2 | (110) | 1.88*** | 1.63–2.16 | 0.7 | (108) | 36.1 | (39) | 2.17*** | 1.68–2.79 |
***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; and *p < 0.05. p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg’s false discovery rate (FDR). $RR, relative risk (adjusted for age).