Table 2.

Impact of demographic factors on general vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine rejection, online survey panel, US, March 2020.

	COVID-19 vaccine rejection (full model) OR (95% CI)	COVID-19 vaccine rejection (abbreviated model) OR (95% CI)	Vaccine hesitant OR (95% CI)	P-value a
Participant’s gender				0.3494
Male	ref	ref	ref
Female	1.34 (0.82, 2.18)	1.36 (0.90, 2.06)	1.09 (0.76, 1.56)
Participant’s residence				0.0146
Rural	0.61 (0.36, 1.03)	0.74 (0.48, 1.16)	1.36 (0.93, 1.97)
Urban	ref	ref	ref
Participant’s generation				0.0037
Baby Boomer (≥56 years)	0.54 (0.19, 1.50)	1.11 (0.63, 1.94)	0.40 (0.25, 0.65)
GenX (40-55 years)	0.81 (0.31, 2.10)	1.16 (0.67, 1.99)	0.54 (0.34, 0.85)
Millennial (24-39 years)	ref	ref	ref
GenZ (18-23 years)	1.20 (0.35, 4.16)	1.19 (0.58, 2.45)	1.34 (0.71, 2.51)
Participant’s race/ethnicity				0.7793
Non-Hispanic White	ref	ref	ref
Non-Hispanic Black	1.87 (0.80, 4.39)	2.86 (1.40, 5.87)	4.07 (1.96, 8.42)
Hispanic	1.29 (0.54, 3.07)	1.44 (0.69, 3.03)	1.56 (0.81, 2.99)
Other	2.76 (1.25, 6.10)	1.76 (0.89, 3.49)	1.35 (0.72, 2.53)
Monthly family income				0.5541
<$2,000	0.91 (0.49, 1.69)	1.25 (0.74, 2.11)	1.62 (1.00, 2.63)
$2,000-$4,999	ref	ref	ref
$5,000-$9,999	0.59 (0.32, 1.08)	0.60 (0.35, 1.03)	0.76 (0.48, 1.20)
≥$10,000	0.68 (0.33, 1.39)	0.53 (0.29, 1.00)	0.44 (0.25, 0.77)
Political affiliation				0.4363
Republican	0.78 (0.43, 1.41)	0.77 (0.47, 1.27)	1.10 (0.70, 1.71)
Democrat	0.71 (0.41, 1.26)	0.48 (0.29, 0.78)	0.58 (0.37, 0.90)
Independent	ref	ref	ref
Vaccine hesitant
No	ref	–	–
Yes	5.56 (3.39, 9.11)	–	–
Increase in 1 percentage point in perceived risk	0.97 (0.95, 0.98)	–	–
Vaccine safety
5% fever risk	ref	–	–
20% fever risk	1.63 (1.03, 2.57)	–	–
Vaccine effectiveness
95% effective	ref	–	–
50% effective	4.08 (2.44, 6.83)	–	–
Generation * perceived risk interaction
Risk * Baby Boomer	1.03 (1.01, 1.06)	–	–
Risk * GenX	1.02 (1.00, 1.05)	–	–
Risk * GenZ	0.99 (0.96, 1.03)	–	–

^aDifference in estimates from COVID-19 vaccine rejection model and vaccine hesitancy model.