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. 2021 Jun 14;12:660845. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.660845

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Copyright © 2021 Bigelow, Gottlieb, Ogrodnik, Graham and Fenesi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flow diagram of study. (Top) Flow of study. Participants engaged in all 4 days of activities and the days were counterbalanced among participants (e.g., some participants engaged in reading control on Day 2; some engaged in mindfulness meditation on Day 1, etc.). (Bottom) Flow of study days. On each day of the study (other than familiarization), participants completed mood and self-efficacy measures, followed by an executive functioning (EF) battery, followed by a study condition, followed by an immediate post-test EF battery, followed by 10 min of silent reading and ended the study session with a delayed post-test EF battery.