Table 3.
Odds Ratios From Logistic Regression Models Predicting 1+ Activity of Daily Living Limitation Among Veterans.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||||||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||||||
| White (ref) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native peoples | 2.31 | 1.35 | 3.94 | ** | 2.08 | 1.22 | 3.56 | ** | 1.98 | 1.15 | 3.40 | * | 1.81 | 1.06 | 3.10 | * |
| Gender | ||||||||||||||||
| Female (ref) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Male | 0.68 | 0.45 | 1.00 | 0.69 | 0.46 | 1.03 | 0.73 | 0.48 | 1.11 | 0.63 | 0.41 | 0.96 | ||||
| Age | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.04 | *** | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.03 | ** | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.04 | ** | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.04 | * |
| Household income | ||||||||||||||||
| $0–$34,999 (ref) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
| $35,000–$74,999 | 0.55 | 0.43 | 0.70 | *** | 0.65 | 0.51 | 0.83 | ** | 0.64 | 0.50 | 0.82 | *** | ||||
| $75,000+ | 0.27 | 0.18 | 0.40 | *** | 0.36 | 0.24 | 0.54 | *** | 0.36 | 0.24 | 0.54 | *** | ||||
| Educational attainment | ||||||||||||||||
| Less than high school degree (ref) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
| High school degree | 0.62 | 0.45 | 0.87 | ** | 0.65 | 0.47 | 0.91 | * | 0.68 | 0.48 | 0.97 | * | ||||
| Some college | 0.58 | 0.42 | 0.81 | ** | 0.60 | 0.43 | 0.84 | ** | 0.59 | 0.42 | 0.84 | ** | ||||
| College degree | 0.53 | 0.37 | 0.74 | *** | 0.54 | 0.38 | 0.77 | ** | 0.54 | 0.37 | 0.79 | ** | ||||
| Professional degree | 0.36 | 0.23 | 0.56 | *** | 0.37 | 0.23 | 0.60 | *** | 0.36 | 0.22 | 0.59 | *** | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||||||
| Married (ref) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
| Divorced | 0.84 | 0.61 | 1.16 | 0.79 | 0.57 | 1.08 | 0.78 | 0.56 | 1.08 | |||||||
| Widowed | 0.87 | 0.63 | 1.21 | 0.83 | 0.60 | 1.16 | 0.80 | 0.58 | 1.11 | |||||||
| Never married | 0.81 | 0.46 | 1.41 | 0.74 | 0.42 | 1.30 | 0.75 | 0.42 | 1.34 | |||||||
| Smoking | ||||||||||||||||
| Never smoker (ref) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Past smoker | 0.99 | 0.78 | 1.25 | 0.95 | 0.75 | 1.20 | ||||||||||
| Current someday smoker | 1.90 | 1.22 | 2.98 | ** | 1.79 | 1.14 | 2.82 | * | ||||||||
| Current everyday smoker | 1.18 | 0.82 | 1.70 | 1.17 | 0.81 | 1.68 | ||||||||||
| Veteran Administration health care | ||||||||||||||||
| Never used (ref) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Used, but not in the past 6 months | 1.73 | 0.00 | 1.25 | ** | 1.55 | 1.11 | 2.15 | ** | ||||||||
| Used in the past 6 months | 2.46 | 1.96 | 3.08 | *** | 2.10 | 1.65 | 2.66 | *** | ||||||||
| Most recent period of service | ||||||||||||||||
| WWII-Vietnam (ref) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Vietnam | 0.81 | 0.58 | 1.12 | 0.54 | 0.38 | 0.77 | ** | |||||||||
| Post-Vietnam | 1.19 | 0.73 | 1.93 | 0.65 | 0.37 | 1.17 | ||||||||||
| Branch of service | ||||||||||||||||
| Army (ref) | — | |||||||||||||||
| Navy | 0.91 | 0.69 | 1.18 | |||||||||||||
| Marines | 0.88 | 0.57 | 1.37 | |||||||||||||
| Air Force | 1.00 | 0.74 | 1.36 | |||||||||||||
| Other/multiple branches | 1.17 | 0.74 | 1.85 | |||||||||||||
| Age of entry | ||||||||||||||||
| 20 and below (ref) | — | |||||||||||||||
| 21–24 | 0.92 | 0.72 | 1.19 | |||||||||||||
| 25+ | 1.39 | 0.91 | 2.11 | |||||||||||||
| Duration of service | ||||||||||||||||
| 0–4 (ref) | — | |||||||||||||||
| 5–19 years | 1.15 | 0.84 | 1.57 | |||||||||||||
| 20+ years | 1.41 | 0.91 | 2.18 | |||||||||||||
| Combat experiences | ||||||||||||||||
| Served in combat/war zone | 0.90 | 0.67 | 1.20 | |||||||||||||
| Exposed to death | 1.65 | 1.26 | 2.15 | *** | ||||||||||||
| Environmental hazards | ||||||||||||||||
| Definitely/probably exposed (ref) | — | |||||||||||||||
| Probably not exposed | 0.59 | 0.43 | 0.80 | ** | ||||||||||||
| Definitely not exposed | 0.53 | 0.39 | 0.74 | *** | ||||||||||||
| Unsure | 0.78 | 0.57 | 1.05 | |||||||||||||
| Constant | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.04 | *** | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.25 | *** | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.18 | *** | 0.14 | 0.03 | 1.05 | * |
Source: National Survey of Veterans 2010.
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.
Note. Missing data were handled by Stata’s multiple imputation suite.