Table 2.
Factors associated with 3-year mortality stratified by area material and social deprivation, N = 1570.
| Area Material and Social Deprivation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Least Deprived Areas (n = 349) | Moderately Deprived Areas (n = 601) | Most Deprived Areas (n = 620) | ||||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Individual factors | ||||||
| Physical and mental multimorbidity | ||||||
| ≤ 3 Physical conditions without mental disorder | 11.29 | 1.23–103.58 | 0.41 | 0.10–1.75 | 0.51 | 0.10–2.66 |
| ≤ 3 Physical conditions with mental disorder | 6.96 | 0.41–118.53 | 0.92 | 0.18–4.56 | 1.87 | 0.35–9.96 |
| 4-6 Physical conditions without mental disorder | 4.86 | 0.63–37.48 | 0.48 | 0.17–1.38 | 1.07 | 0.37–3.06 |
| 4-6 Physical conditions with mental disorder | 1.49 | 0.15–14.43 | 0.82 | 0.28–-2.41 | 1.16 | 0.36–3.81 |
| ≥ 7 Physical conditions without mental disorder | 7.16 | 0.99–51.95 | 0.99 | 0.41–2.39 | 1.70 | 0.68–4.25 |
| ≥ 7 Physical conditions with mental disorder (Reference) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Age (5-year groups) | 1.46 | 0.93–2.31 | 1.85 | 1.35–2.53 | 1.59 | 1.21–2.09 |
| Sex (female versus male) | 1.47 | 0.51–4.20 | 0.48 | 0.23–0.99 | 0.55 | 0.24–1.24 |
| Education (≤7 years versus >7 years) | 1.64 | 0.54–4.92 | 0.59 | 0.27–1.27 | 1.01 | 0.48–2.12 |
| Marital status (single versus with partner) | 1.85 | 0.65–5.30 | 1.10 | 0.52–2.32 | 1.75 | 0.80–3.84 |
| Cognitive status, MMSE score | 0.82 | 0.63–1.06 | 0.81 | 0.68–0.97 | 1.17 | 0.95–1.43 |
| Functional status (lower quartile) | 3.83 | 1.35–10.82 | 1.72 | 0.83–3.53 | 1.81 | 0.84–3.87 |
| Social support (presence versus absence) | 0.70 | 0.14–3.49 | 0.81 | 0.33–1.90 | 0.90 | 0.30–2.66 |
| Current smoking (yes versus no) | 2.55 | 0.51–12.89 | 3.63 | 1.26–10.46 | 3.57 | 1.56–8.20 |
| Physical activity (number of sessions/week) | 0.98 | 0.83–1.15 | 0.96 | 0.86–1.07 | 0.89 | 0.78–1.01 |
| Satisfaction with life score | 0.85 | 0.72–1.00 | 0.96 | 0.87–1.05 | 0.99 | 0.90–1.08 |
| Childhood trauma (presence versus absence) | 1.23 | 0.29–5.23 | 1.06 | 0.46–2.43 | 0.75 | 0.32–1.74 |
| Health system factors | ||||||
| Continuity of care (quartiles) | 0.70 | 0.44–1.11 | 0.66 | 0.46–0.93 | 0.51 | 0.35–0.75 |
| Number of hospitalizations, past 3 years | 1.18 | 0.91–1.53 | 1.23 | 1.07–1.41 | 1.11 | 0.96–1.28 |
| Number of ED visits, past 3 years | 0.94 | 0.77–1.15 | 0.89 | 0.82–0.98 | 0.97 | 0.88–1.07 |
| Number of outpatient visits, past 3 years | 1.01 | 0.98–1.03 | 1.02 | 1.00–1.04 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 |
| Satisfied with physician explanations (yes versus no) | 0.73 | 0.16–3.25 | 1.52 | 0.66–3.52 | 0.44 | 0.16–1.23 |
| Satisfied with the medical visit (yes versus no) | 1.39 | 0.31–6.23 | 0.43 | 0.19–0.95 | 2.30 | 0.85–6.20 |
Abbreviations: CI: Confidence Interval, ED: Emergency Department, HR: Hazard Ratio, MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination
Bold: p-value <0.05.