Table 2.
Significance of TNTs in cancers and neurodegenerative diseases including the cell-type associated with TNT bridges are listed.
| Uses of TNT Bridges | Cell-type | Significance | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transfer of Mitochondria | Pheochromocytoma (PC) 12 | Survival mechanism by stressed cell | (93) |
| Transfer of vesicles and proteins | Human primary tumors/cancer | Cancer cell pathogenesis and invasion | (97) |
| Transfer of Tau protein | Rat primary embryonic cortical neurons | Alzheimer’s disease | (108) |
| Fibrillar α-synuclein | CAD cells | Parkinson’s disease | (106) |
| Rab8a/Rab11a | Schwann cells | Peripheral nerve regeneration | (106) |
| Hypoxia-induced TNT formation | Chemo resistant ovarian cancer cells | Malignant and tumor cell interactions | (109) |
| Signaling | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells | Communication mechanism | (96) |
| Transfer of H-Ras, a small GTPase | B and T cells | Increase in p-ERK1/2 levels in the acquiring T cells | (110) |
| Fas signaling | CD4+ T cells | Intracellular communication and death signaling | (111) |
| Calcium signaling | Human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells | Electrical coupling | (112) |