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. 2021 Jun 28;25:221. doi: 10.1186/s13054-021-03621-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Kaplan–Meier analysis of time from the onset of post-extubation respiratory failure to death according to oxygenation strategy. Mortality rates at day 28 did not significantly differ between patients treated with high-flow nasal oxygen alone (blue line) and those treated with non-invasive ventilation (red line). Mortality at day 28 was 18% (15 out of 84 patients) with NIV and 29% (18 out of 62 patients) with high-flow nasal oxygen (difference, − 11% [95% CI, − 25 to 2]; p = 0.12 using log-rank test)