Fig. 4.
Kaplan–Meier analysis of time from the onset of post-extubation respiratory failure to reintubation according to oxygenation strategy. Reintubation rates did not significantly differ between patients treated with non-invasive ventilation (red bars) and those treated with high-flow nasal oxygen alone (blue bars). The reintubation rate within the first 48 h after the onset of post-extubation respiratory failure was 44% (37 out of 84 patients) with NIV and 52% (32 out of 62 patients) with high-flow nasal oxygen alone (difference, − 7% [95% CI, − 23% to 9%]; p = 0.21 using log-rank test)