Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by randomized group
| Group A (n = 25) | Group B (n = 28) | Group C (n = 26) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 17 (68.0) | 20 (71.4) | 20 (76.9) | 0.772 |
| Female | 8 (32.0) | 8 (28.6) | 6 (23.1) | |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 55.0 (45.0–60.0) | 52.5 (45.3–56.0) | 50.0 (43.5–56.0) | 0.500 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 23.3 ± 2.1 | 22.9 ± 1.8 | 22.6 ± 1.8 | 0.469 |
| ASA Class, n (%) | ||||
| III | 9 (36.0) | 7 (25.0) | 7 (26.9) | 0.649 |
| IV | 16 (64.0) | 21 (75.0) | 19 (73.1) | |
| Glasgow Coma Scale, n (%)a | ||||
| 13–15 | 1 (4.0) | 3 (10.7) | 3 (11.5) | 0.911 |
| 9–12 | 9 (36.0) | 9 (32.1) | 8 (30.8) | |
| ≤8 | 15 (60.0) | 16 (57.1) | 15 (57.7) | |
| Preoperative hemoglobin, g/dL, median (IQR) | 12.0 (10.0–13.0) | 13.0 (11.3–13.8) | 12.0 (11.0-13.3) | 0.462 |
| Intraoperative amount of bleeding, mL, median (IQR) | 300.0 (200.0-400.0) | 300.0 (200.0-437.5) | 300.0 (200.0-500.0) | 0.440 |
| Intraoperative fluid infusion volume, mL, median (IQR) |
2500.0 (1975.0-3175.0) |
2500.0 (2000.0-3000.0) |
2500.0 (2000.0-3000.0) |
0.810 |
| Operative time, min, median (IQR) | 200.0 (150.0-237.5) | 177.5 (156.3-199.5) | 162.5 (150.0-222.5) | 0.379 |
| Anesthesia time, min, median (IQR) | 245.0 (200.0-285.0) | 220.0 (201.3-253.8) | 202.5 (193.8–270.0) | 0.508 |
ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI body mass index; IQR interquartile range; SD standard deviation
a Glasgow Coma Scale score is an indicator used to assess the coma of a patient. It ranges from 3 to 15, and the higher the score, the better the consciousness. Scores of 13–15, 9–12 and ≤ 8 indicate mild, moderate and severe traumatic brain injury, respectively