Table 1.
Summary of PVAT-derived factors.
| Factors | Official full name | Function in AAA | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| CRP | C-reactive protein | neointimal hyperplasia | (32, 33) |
| MCP-1 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 | neointimal hyperplasia | (32, 33) |
| MMPs | matrix metalloproteinases | ECM degradation | (34, 35) |
| Angptl2 | angiopoietin-like protein 2 | neointimal hyperplasia | (36) |
| PDGF-D | platelet-derived growth factor-D | adventitial inflammation and fibrosis | (37) |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factors | adventitial neovascularization | (16) |
| leptin | vascular remodeling | (38) | |
| T cells | T lymphocytes | Inflammation response | (39–42) |
| PROK2 | Prokineticin 2 | inflammation and immune-related processes | (43, 44) |
| MAP4K1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1 | inflammation and immune-related processes | (43, 44) |
| stromal cells | vascular remodeling | (45, 46) | |
| EVs miR-221-3p | extracellular vesicle microRNA-221-3p | VSMC phenotypic switching | (47) |