TABLE 3.
Main test CFA result
| Constructs | Factor loadingsa | CR | AVE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perceived Threat (α = 0.80) | 0.82 | 0.61 | |
| Our society is vulnerable to the harmful effects of COVID‐19 | 0.84 | ||
| Our society is a victim of the COVID‐19 | 0.67 | ||
| Our society is threatened by COVID‐19 | 0.83 | ||
| Maladaptive rewards (α = 0.83) | 0.84 | 0.64 | |
| It is likely that our society would receive gain benefits for not following the measures to respond to COVID‐19 | 0.77 | ||
| Our society could benefit from not following the measures to respond to COVID‐19 | 0.82 | ||
| Our society benefits financially for choosing not to follow the measures to respond to COVID‐19 | 0.81 | ||
| Self‐Efficacy (α = 0.75) | 0.77 | 0.53 | |
| Our society will be able to find ways to deal with COVID‐19 | 0.67 | ||
| Our society knows how to deal with the situation under the COVID‐19 | 0.76 | ||
| I believe our society manages the unexpected situation that the COVID‐19 might bring | 0.74 | ||
| Response cost (α = 0.78) | 0.79 | 0.56 | |
| It is very expensive for our society to follow the measures to respond to COVID‐19 | 0.72 | ||
| It is very time‐consuming for our society to follow the measures to respond to COVID‐19 | 0.85 | ||
| Too much effort is needed for our society to follow the measures to respond to COVID‐19 | 0.67 | ||
| Response efficacy (α = 0.69) | 0.78 | 0.54 | |
| I am sure that our measures to respond to the COVID‐19 can have a positive effect on curving the impact | 0.67 | ||
| I am confident that together we can cope with the situation under the COVID‐19 | 0.73 | ||
| We can do nothing to help control the situation under COVID‐19 (R) | 0.79 | ||
| Hope (α = 0.90) | 0.89 | 0.74 | |
| When thinking about the COVID‐19, to what extent do you feel… – Hopeful | 0.82 | ||
| When thinking about the COVID‐19, to what extent do you feel… – Optimistic | 0.95 | ||
| When thinking about the COVID‐19, to what extent do you feel… – Encouraged | 0.80 | ||
| Fear (α = 0.91) | 0.88 | 0.71 | |
| When thinking about the COVID‐19, to what extent do you feel… – Fearful | 0.98 | ||
| When thinking about the COVID‐19, to what extent do you feel… – Afraid | 0.78 | ||
| When thinking about the COVID‐19, to what extent do you feel… – Scared | 0.76 | ||
| Support local (α = 0.79) | 0.81 | 0.58 | |
| Shop for locally sourced goods | 0.78 | ||
| Order food from locally‐owned restaurants | 0.79 | ||
| Support locally‐owned restaurants by sharing positive reviews | 0.73 | ||
| Conscious Consumption (α = 0.75) | 0.78 | 0.54 | |
| Go for fewer trips to the restaurant | 0.75 | ||
| Order food more cost consciously | 0.68 | ||
| Make more environmentally sustainable choices when eating out | 0.76 | ||
| Hygienic behavior (α = 0.81) | 0.82 | 0.61 | |
| Use hand sanitizer right after paying If I must handle money, a card, or use a keypad | 0.73 | ||
| Use hand sanitizer after leaving the restaurant | 0.86 | ||
| Wash my hands with soap and water for at least 20 s when I get home | 0.73 |
aAll factor loadings were significant at p < 0.001, α = Cronbach’s alpha.
Abbreviations: AVE, average variance extracted; CR, composite reliability.