TABLE 3.
Association of factors with outcomes in COX proportional hazard regression model
| Variable | Crude HR, 95% CI | P‐value | Adjusted HR, 95% CI | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In hospital mortality | |||||
| Age (y) | 1.034 [1.025‐1.043] | <.001 | 1.036 [1.026‐1.045] | <.001 | |
| Gender | 1.197 [0.930‐1.541] | .162 | |||
| Obesity | 0.982 [0.957‐1.009] | .188 | |||
| Hypertension | 1.535 [1.199‐1.965] | .001 | 1.227 [0.916‐1.644] | .170 | |
| Diabetes | 0.982 [0.755‐1.277] | .890 | |||
| Coronary heart disease | 1.331 [1.004‐1.764] | .047 | 0.980 [0.719‐1.337] | .901 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.002 [0.688‐1.459] | .992 | |||
| Malignancy | 1.370 [0.784‐2.396] | .269 | 1.706 [0.961‐3.031] | .068 | |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 1.194 [0.962‐1.482] | .107 | |||
| Immunosuppressive disorders | 1.205 [0.674‐2.152] | .530 | |||
| Smoking | 0.932 [0.667‐1.302] | .679 | |||
| Beta‐blocker | 1.375 [1.052‐1.794] | .020 | 1.327 [0.981‐1.795] | .066 | |
| ACEIs/ARB | 1.067 [0.808‐1.407] | .647 | 0.754 [0.553‐1.029] | .075 | |
| Atorvastatin | 0.820 [0.639‐1.054] | .121 | 0.679 [0.517‐0.890] | .005 | |
| Corticosteroid | 1.205 [0.930‐1.561] | .159 | 1.245 [0.941‐1.649] | .125 | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 0.814 [0.635‐1.045] | .106 | 0.813 [0.629‐1.051] | .113 | |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 1.220 [0.945‐1.574] | .128 | 1.250 [0.951‐1.641] | .110 | |
| Remdesivir | 0.815 [0.456‐1.457] | .489 | |||
| Favipiravir | 0.739 [0.430‐1.273] | .276 | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | |||||
| Age (y) | 1.019 [1.007‐1.028] | .001 | 1.026 [1.014‐1.038] | <.001 | |
| Gender | 1.259 [0.868‐1.825] | .225 | |||
| Obesity | 0.994 [0.969‐1.029] | .744 | 1.390 [0.903‐2.140] | .134 | |
| Hypertension | 1.190 [0.781‐1.811] | .418 | |||
| Diabetes | 1.141 [0.779‐1.672] | .499 | |||
| Coronary heart disease | 1.115 [0.750‐1.657] | .592 | 0.704 [0.422‐1.174] | .179 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0.750 [0.405‐1.390] | .361 | |||
| Malignancy | 1.652 [0.768‐3.552] | .199 | 1.963 [0.894‐4.312] | .093 | |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 1.470 [0.838‐2.577] | .179 | |||
| Immunosuppressive disorders | 0.924 [0.340‐2.508] | .877 | |||
| Smoking | 1.008 [0.624‐1.629] | .972 | |||
| Beta‐blocker | 1.639 [1.110‐2.418] | .013 | 2.071 [1.334‐3.217] | .001 | |
| ACEIs/ARB | 0.823 [0.545‐1.242] | .252 | 0.670 [0.426‐1.054] | .084 | |
| Atorvastatin | 0.709 [0.486‐1.034] | .074 | 0.602 [0.401‐0.903] | .014 | |
| Corticosteroid | 1.507 [1.034‐2.196] | .033 | 1.445 [0.962‐2.170] | .076 | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 0.711 [0.489‐1.033] | .073 | 0.707 [0.482‐1.036] | .076 | |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 1.367 [0.934‐2.000] | .108 | 1.357 [0.904‐2.037] | .141 | |
| Remdesivir | 0.944 [0.414‐2.152] | .892 | |||
| Favipiravir | 1.577 [0.859‐2.893] | .141 | |||
The model was fitted based on the Schoenfeld residual test for the evaluation of the proportional hazard assumption with P = .253 and P = .218 respectively.
Abbreviation: HR, hazard ratio.