Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to self-reported amounts of alcohol intake per week
| Characteristic | Alcohol intake (drink/wk) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 or 1 | >1 and ≤7 | >7 and ≤14 | >14 | |
| No. of participants | 3,694 | 83,392 | 67,522 | 57,525 |
| Alcohol use (time/wk) | 1 (1‒1) | 5 (3‒6) | 10 (9‒12) | 21 (17‒28) |
| Age (yr) | 59 (51‒64) | 58 (50‒63) | 58 (50‒63) | 58 (51‒63) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 2,406 (65.1) | 49,677 (59.6) | 30,560 (45.3) | 16,129 (28.0) |
| Male | 1,288 (34.9) | 33,715 (40.4) | 36,962 (54.7) | 41,396 (72.0) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.9 (23.4‒29.2) | 26.0 (23.6‒28.9) | 26.4 (24.0‒29.2) | 27.2 (24.8‒29.9) |
| Obesitya | 760 (20.6) | 15,827 (19.0) | 13,400 (19.8) | 14,157 (24.6) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86 (77‒96) | 87 (78‒96) | 90 (81‒98) | 94 (86‒102) |
| Central obesityb | 1,119 (30.3) | 23,373 (28.0) | 19,173 (28.4) | 19,377 (33.7) |
| Previous history of stroke, angina, or heart attack | 178 (4.8) | 3,461 (4.2) | 3,255 (4.8) | 3,272 (5.7) |
| Hypertension | 641 (17.4) | 13,982 (16.8) | 12,298 (18.2) | 13,335 (23.2) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 134.0 (122.5‒147.5) | 134.0 (122.5‒147.0) | 136.0 (125.0‒148.5) | 140.5 (129.0‒153.0) |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 80.5 (73.5‒87.0) | 81.0 (74.5‒87.5) | 82.0 (75.5‒89.0) | 84.5 (78.0‒91.5) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 154 (4.2) | 3,025 (3.6) | 2,346 (3.5) | 2,512 (4.4) |
| Hemoglobin A1c (mmol/mol) | 35.3 (32.9‒37.9) | 35.0 (32.6‒37.4) | 34.7 (32.3‒37.2) | 34.8 (32.3‒37.3) |
| Dyslipidemia | 566 (15.3) | 11,534 (13.8) | 10,613 (15.7) | 13,335 (23.2) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.6 (4.9‒6.4) | 5.7 (4.9‒6.4) | 5.7 (5.0‒6.4) | 5.7 (5.0‒6.5) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.5 (3.0‒4.1) | 3.5 (3.0‒4.1) | 3.5 (3.0‒4.1) | 3.5 (3.0‒4.1) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1.2‒1.7) | 1.4 (1.2‒1.7) | 1.4 (1.2‒1.7) | 1.5 (1.2‒1.7) |
| History of smoking | ||||
| None | 2,506 (67.8) | 52,079 (62.5) | 34,176 (50.6) | 20,845 (36.2) |
| Ex-smoker | 990 (26.8) | 25,977 (31.2) | 27,155 (40.2) | 27,159 (47.2) |
| Current smoker | 198 (5.4) | 5,336 (6.4) | 6,191 (9.2) | 9,521 (16.6) |
| Moderate physical activity (day/wk) | 3 (2‒5) | 3 (2‒5) | 3 (2‒5) | 3 (2‒5) |
| No. of illnesses | 1 (0‒3) | 1 (0‒2) | 1 (0‒2) | 1 (0‒3) |
| No. of treatments received | 2 (0‒3) | 1 (0‒3) | 1 (0‒3) | 2 (0‒3) |
| Income grade (GBP) | ||||
| <18,000 | 941 (25.5) | 15,218 (18.2) | 10,555 (15.6) | 9,232 (16.0) |
| 18,000–30,999 | 1,010 (27.3) | 21,262 (25.5) | 16,129 (23.9) | 13,238 (23.0) |
| 31,000–51,999 | 962 (26.0) | 23,223 (27.8) | 18,904 (28.0) | 15,809 (27.5) |
| 52,000–100,000 | 659 (17.8) | 18,980 (22.8) | 16,818 (24.9) | 14,487 (25.2) |
| >100,000 | 122 (3.3) | 4,709 (5.6) | 5,116 (7.6) | 4,759 (8.3) |
| No. of household member | 2 (2‒3) | 2 (2‒3) | 2 (2‒3) | 2 (2‒3) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 91.9 (81.8‒99.1) | 92.3 (82.6‒99.5) | 92.6 (83.4‒99.6) | 93.4 (84.6‒100.2) |
| < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 103 (2.8) | 1,588 (1.9) | 1,115 (1.7) | 875 (1.5) |
Data are expressed as number only, median (interquartile range), or number (%).
BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GBP, Great Britain pound; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
a
Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2.
b
≥102 cm for males, ≥88 cm for females.