Table 4.

Generalised estimate equation model multivariable analysis for the association between family presence and first attempt success (primary outcome) adjusted for patient, provider and practice factors

	OR	95% CI	P value
Family member present	1.14	0.86 to 1.51	0.352
Patient
Weight ≥1500 g	1.41	1.17 to 1.70	<0.001
Comorbidities
Acute respiratory failure	1.11	0.89 to 1.40	0.358
Chronic respiratory failure	0.81	0.63 to 1.04	0.096
Indication
Frequent apnoea and bradycardia	0.84	0.67 to 1.04	0.105
Upper airway obstruction	1.03	0.70 to 1.51	0.886
Unstable haemodynamics	0.92	0.55 to 1.54	0.760
Surfactant administration	0.85	0.68 to 1.10	0.189
Reintubation after unplanned extubation	1.42	1.10 to 1.86	0.011
Provider
Neonatology attending	1 (reference)	N/A	N/A
Neonatology fellow	0.67	0.47 to 0.96	0.029
Paediatric resident	0.20	0.13 to 0.29	<0.001
Nurse practitioner	0.59	0.41 to 0.86	0.006
Physician assistant	0.62	0.41 to 0.92	0.019
Hospitalist/RT/other	0.53	0.34 to 0.82	0.005
Practice
Device—video laryngoscopy  (vs direct laryngoscopy)	1.46	1.19 to 1.80	<0.001
Approach—nasal (vs oral)	1.99	1.38 to 2.86	<0.001

RT, respiratory therapist.