Table 1.
Collapsed codes, as suggested by Smith et al. (2014).
| Collapsed codes | Individual codes |
|---|---|
|
Teacher activities | |
| Presenting (P) | Lec: Lecturing or presenting information |
| RtW: Real-time writing | |
| D/V: Showing or conducting a demo, experiment, or simulation | |
| Guiding (G) | FlUp: Follow-up/feedback on clicker question or activity |
| PQ: Posing a non-clicker question to students (nonrhetorical) | |
| CQ: Asking clicker question (entire time, not just when first asked) | |
| AnQ: Listening to and answering student questions to the entire class | |
| MG: Moving through class guiding ongoing student work | |
| 1o1: One-on-one extended discussion with individual students | |
| Administration (A) | Adm: Administration (assign homework, return tests, etc.) |
| Other (OI) |
W: Waiting (instructor late, working on fixing technical problems) |
| O: Other | |
|
Students' activities | |
| Receiving (R) | L: Listening to the instructor |
| Talking to class (STC) | AnQ: Student answering question posed by the instructor |
| SQ: Student asks the question | |
| WC: Students engaged in a whole-class discussion | |
| SP: Students presenting to the entire class | |
| Working (SW) | Ind: Individual thinking/problem solving |
| CG: Discussing clicker question in groups of students | |
| WG: Working in groups on worksheet activity | |
| OG: Other assigned group activity | |
| Prd: Making a prediction about a demo or experiment | |
| TQ: Test or quiz | |
| Other (OS) | W: Waiting (instructor late, working on fixing technical problems) |
| O: Other | |