Table 3. Cross-lingual generalisation studies.

All studies included English as the main language, hence only additional languages are mentioned.

Study	Data translation	Embedding and classifier models	Additional languages
Pamungkas & Patti (2019)	Training, automatic	MUSE embeddings, LSTM, “joint-learning”	Spanish, Italian, German
Pamungkas, Basile & Patti (2020)	Training, automatic	MUSE embeddings, mBERT, LSTM, SVM, “joint-learning”	Spanish, Italian
Glavaš, Karan & Vulić (2020)	Testing, manual	mBERT, XLM-R	Albanian, Croatian, German, Russian, Turkish
Arango, Prez & Poblete (2020)	Testing, automatic	MUSE embeddings, LSTM, GBDT	Spanish
Fortuna, Soler-Company & Wanner (2021)	None	mBERT	Italian, Spanish, Portuguese