Table 4.
Comparison of oral health knowledge, attitude, intention, efficacy, practice and plaque among groups at follow-up
| Variables | Groups | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gain-framed M (SD) | Gain-framed M (SD) | Loss-framed M (SD) | Loss-framed M (SD) | Control M (SD) | Control M (SD) | ||
| Un-adjusted | Adjusted | Un-adjusted | Adjusted | Un-adjusted | Adjusted | ||
| Knowledge | 11.97(1.33) | 12.00(7.21) | 11.10(4.10) | 11.00(5.21) | 5.70(1.71) | 6.08(1.79) | p < 0.001 |
| Attitude | 44.30(4.71) | 44.00(3.26) | 44.30(4.10) | 44.00(3.62) | 5.55))38.40 | 39.00(4.21) | p < 0.001 |
| Behavioral intention | 27.20(2.61) | 27.00(2.05) | 26.20(2.74) | 26.00(2.34) | 23.20(2.94) | 23.00(2.71) | p < 0.001 |
| Self-efficacy | 38.03(2.39) | 39.42 ± 0 | 38.34(3.42) | 38.00 ± 3.42 | 33.50(5.24) | 33.00(5.15) | p < 0.001 |
| Practice | 11.00(1.98) | 10.00(3.26) | 10.25(1.48) | 10.00(3.48) | 7.20(2.21) | 7.00(2.61) | p < 0.001 |
| Dental plaque | 19.71(9.71) | 20.17(9.71) | 23.10(10.7) | 22.67(10.70) | 36.78(11.7) | 36.00(5.70) | p < 0.001 |
Note: ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) was used controlling for pre-intervention score on each outcome, maternal age/ education and gestational age. M = Mean, SD = Standard Deviation