Table 2.
Bivariate relationship between access to an always-available trusted adult before the age of 18 years, ACEs and childhood resilience resources
| n | Childhood resilience resources (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Role model | Parents/caregivers knew a lot about me | Belonged at school | Supportive friends | Community help | Given opportunities | Culturally engaged | ||
| No trusted adult support | ||||||||
| ≥ 4 ACEs | 185 | 39.5 | 34.6 | 28.1 | 49.7 | 26.0 | 31.0 | 37.0 |
| 2–3 ACEs | 116 | 63.2 | 50.0 | 43.5 | 61.2 | 36.2 | 59.1 | 54.8 |
| 1 ACE | 87 | 71.3 | 71.3 | 58.6 | 76.7 | 44.8 | 64.4 | 62.8 |
| 0 ACEs | 170 | 81.8 | 80.6 | 62.9 | 75.9 | 47.6 | 71.8 | 68.2 |
| Yes trusted adult support | ||||||||
| ≥ 4 ACEs | 148 | 79.1 | 69.6 | 58.1 | 84.5 | 64.2 | 72.3 | 68.9 |
| 2–3 ACEs | 286 | 88.8 | 86.4 | 72.0 | 88.8 | 59.1 | 76.6 | 80.1 |
| 1 ACE | 385 | 95.3 | 91.7 | 80.0 | 95.8 | 76.0 | 86.2 | 86.5 |
| 0 ACEs | 1102 | 97.5 | 95.3 | 85.9 | 95.4 | 78.3 | 90.7 | 91.1 |
| X2 | 592.433 | 581.369 | 376.436 | 418.867 | 316.934 | 409.957 | 387.716 | |
| p | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
For a full description of each resilience resource, see Additional file: Table 1
ACE adverse childhood experience
***p < 0.001