Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable cox regression results on the risk factors associated with mortality and adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19
| Variables | Univariable | Multivariable | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P values | HR | 95% CI | P values | |
| Mortality | ||||||
| Age > 60 years | 5.859 | 3.314–9.769 | < 0.001 | 2.892 | 1.668–5.014 | < 0.001 |
| Sex (Male) | 1.999 | 1.235–3.235 | 0.005 | 1.979 | 1.217–3.217 | 0.006 |
| Higher CAC | 4.511 | 2.811–7.242 | < 0.001 | 1.731 | 1.010–2.971 | 0.046 |
| CVD | 6.621 | 4.175–10.499 | < 0.001 | 3.184 | 1.901–5.334 | < 0.001 |
| Lymphopenia | 5.500 | 2.818–10.733 | < 0.001 | 4.559 | 2.333–8.911 | < 0.001 |
| CT severity score | 1.084 | 1.043–1.126 | < 0.001 | 1.069 | 1.029–1.111 | < 0.001 |
| Adverse outcomes | ||||||
| Age > 60 years | 5.263 | 3.807–7.276 | < 0.001 | 2.097 | 1.455–3.022 | < 0.001 |
| CVD | 5.553 | 3.959–7.787 | < 0.001 | 1.952 | 1.324–2.878 | 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 2.755 | 1.924–3.946 | < 0.001 | 1.517 | 1.036–2.222 | 0.032 |
| COPD | 10.231 | 6.464–16.192 | < 0.001 | 3.592 | 2.177–5.927 | < 0.001 |
| High CAC | 4.224 | 2.998–5.951 | < 0.001 | 1.611 | 1.087–2.387 | 0.018 |
| Lymphopenia | 2.698 | 1.898–3.835 | < 0.001 | 2.010 | 1.405–2.874 | 0.0001 |
| Pleural effusion | 5.517 | 3.874–7.856 | < 0.001 | 2.121 | 1.499–3.213 | < 0 .001 |
| Pericardial effusion | 5.400 | 3.347–8.713 | < 0.001 | 2.194 | 1.283–3.505 | 0.003 |
| CT severity score | 1.124 | 1.093–1.156 | < 0.001 | 1.080 | 1.050–1.111 | < 0 .001 |
Adverse outcomes group was composed of in-hospital death, admission to ICU and requiring mechanical ventilation
COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease-19, ICU intensive care unit, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, CVD cardiovascular disease, CAC coronary artery calcium, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease