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Comparison of all processes for their performance in the oxidation and mineralization of caffeine (C0 = 5 mg L−1) after 20 and 60-min reaction, at pH 4, respectively.
| Process (Symbol) | k′ (min−1) | %TOC decay |
|---|---|---|
| Homogeneous | ||
| US (P1) | 0.05 | 1.67 |
| UV-H2O2 (P2) | 0.26 | 21.66 |
| US/UV (P3) | 0.08 | 11.83 |
| US/UV-H2O2 (P4) | 0.25 | 35.36 |
| Heterogeneous | ||
| US/TiO2 (P5) | 0.05 | 20.43 |
| UV/TiO2 (P6) | 0.19 | 60.94 |
| US/UV/TiO2 (P7) | 0.25 | 66.11 |
| UV-H2O2/TiO2 (P8) | 0.26 | 75.49 |
| US/UV-H2O2/TiO2 (P9) | 0.39 | 63.58 |
