Figure 3.

Differences in neural reactivity to fearful versus neutral faces between spanked and never spanked children.

Note. Regions where spanked children exhibit significantly greater activation to fearful versus neutral faces than never spanked children. Regions where the magnitude of increased activation to fearful versus neutral faces in spanked children was the largest are depicted in yellow, and smaller but still statistically significant are depicted in red. dACC = dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; MFG = middle frontal gyrus; SFG = superior frontal gyrus; dmPFC = dorsal medial prefrontal cortex.