Table 4.
Neonatal Outcomes
| Author (Publication Year) | Number of SGA infants receiving (n) | Number of SGA infants not ACS (n) | Neonatal mortality (n, %) | RDS (n, %) | BPD or CLD of Prematurity (n, %) | IVH and/or PVL (n, %) | NEC (n, %) | Neonatal sepsis (n, %) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| +ACS | −ACS | +ACS | −ACS | +ACS | −ACS | +ACS | −ACS | +ACS | −ACS | +ACS | −ACS | |||
| Kim (2018) | 45 | 37 | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.7) | 22 (48.9) | 11 (29.7) | - | - | 4 (8.7) | 1 (2.7) | 5 (11.1) | 2 (5.4) | 9 (20.0) | 3 (8.1) |
| CSGRDSPI (2017) | - | - | 13/77 (16.9) | 17/53 (32.1) | 37/77 (48.1) | 42/53 (79.2) | - | - | 27/248 (10.9) | 13/224 (5.8) | - | - | - | - |
| Melamed (2016) | 698 | 220 | 48 (6.9) | 27 (12.3) | 364 (52.1) | 98 (44.5) | 134 (19.2) | 30 (14.5) | 35 (5.0) | 20 (9.1) | 30 (4.3) | 7 (1.4) | - | - |
| Hoellen (2016) | 58 | 23 | 6 (10.3) | 10 (43.5) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Riskin- Mashiah (2015) | 1246 | 525 | 240 (19.3) | 169 (32.2) | 840/1236 (68.0) | 365/505 (72.3) | 225/1009 (22.3) | 68/363 (18.7) | IVH: 77/1180 (6.5) PVL: 41/992 (4.1) | IVH: 49/446 (11.0) PVL: 30/347 (8.6) | 101/1235 (8.2) | 55/505 (10.9) | - | - |
| GrifRn† (2015) | 271 | 377 | OR 0.16 (0.07–0.34) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Ishikawa (2015) | 719 | 1210 | 56 (7.8) | 92 (7.6) | 341 (47.4) | 510 (42.1) | 194 (27) | 250 (21) | IVH: 54 (7.5) PVL: 11 (1.5) | IVH: 99 (8.2) PVL: 28 (2.3) | 13 (1.8) | 15 (1.2) | 51 (7.1) | 75 (6.2) |
| Mitsiakos (2013) | 87 | 62 | 19 (21.8) | 9 (14.5) | 45 (51.7) | 36 (58.1) | 16 (23.5) | 15 (28.3) | IVH: 3 (3.4) PVL: 1 (1.4) | IVH: 3 (4.8) PVL: 1 (1.8) | 10 (11.5) | 5 (8.0) | 29 (33.3) | 20 (32.3) |
| van Stralen (2009) | 54 | 34 | 5 (9.3) | 4 (11.8) | 22 (40.7) | 17 (50.0) | 6 (11.1) | 4 (11.8) | 4 (7.4) | 1 (2.9) | 3 (5.6) | 2 (5.9) | 33 (61.1) | 24 (70.6) |
| Torrance (2007) | 146 | 19 | 15 (10.3) | 3 (15.8) | 64 (43.8) | 8 (42.1) | 34 (23.3) | 6 (31.6) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Foix- L’Helias (2005) | 96 | 55 | 12 (12.5) | 12 (21.8) | 49 (51.0) | 35 (63.6) | 25 (26.4) | 21 (37.8) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Schaap (2001) | 62 | 62 | 9 (14.5) | 15 (24.2) | 23 (37.1) | 25 (40.3) | 16 (25.8) | 19 (30.6) | 8 (12.9) | 9 (14.5) | - | - | 12 (19.4) | 12 (19.4) |
| Bernstein† (1999) | 937 | 783 | - | - | OR 0.70 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Elimian (1999) | 63 | 157 | 5 (7.9) | 11 (7.0) | 17 (26.9) | 38 (24.2) | - | - | 3 (4.8) | 8 (5.1) | 1 (1.6) | 3 (1.9) | 6 (9.5) | 9 (5.7) |
| Ley† (1997) | 117 | 117 | OR 0.53 (95% CI 0.21–1.32) | OR 1.20 (95% CI 0.62–2.34) | - | - | OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.28–1.84) | - | - | - | - | |||
| Spinillo (1995) | 32 | 64 | - | - | 10 (31.3) | 30 (46.9) | - | - | 2/28 (7.1) | 18/58 (31.0) | - | - | - | - |
| Weighted-Average | - | - | 12.8% | 15.1% | 55.3% | 49.0% | 22.6% | 20.4% | 6.8% | 8.8% | 5.6% | 4.0% | 13.6% | 9.2% |
SGA=small-for-gestational age, ACS=antenatal corticosteroids, RDS=respiratory distress syndrome, BPD=bronchopulmonary dysplasia, CLD=chronic lung disease, IVH=intraventricular hemorrhage, PVL=periventricular leukomalacia, NEC=necrotizing enterocolitis, CSGRDSPI=Collaborative Study Group for Respiratory Distress in Preterm Infants, +ACS=infants received antenatal corticosteroids, −ACS=infants did not receive antenatal corticosteroids, OR=odds ratios, CI=confidence interval
Raw data for neonatal outcomes according to ACS administration was not reported for 3 studies; only odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported in these studies comparing SGA infants that received ACS to those that did not receive ACS
Blank cells represent missing data Blank cells represent missing data