TABLE 1.
Phenotypic values, mean, range, CV, heritability, and variance estimates of the traits in RILs, parents, and two commercial checks evaluated during 2017–2018 (Y1), 2018–2019 (Y2), 2019–2020 (Y3), and across the years at Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
| Trait | Environment | Kachu (P1) | Zinc-Shakti (P2) | RIL population |
Baj (C1) | Borlaug100 (C2) | |||||
| Range | Mean | CV (%) | LSD | H2 (BS) | Genotypic variance | ||||||
| GZnC (mg/kg) | Y1** | 55.6 | 65.4 | 53.1–80.2 | 65.4 | 7.47 | 8.25 | 0.73 | 32.89*** | 57.2 | 60.8 |
| Y2** | 44.5 | 58 | 50.1–67.5 | 57.7 | 8.71 | 7.92 | 0.64 | 22.27*** | 52.9 | 56.9 | |
| Y3** | 49.9 | 57.5 | 48.5–68.1 | 56.2 | 7.53 | 6.97 | 0.69 | 19.98*** | 52.9 | 55.6 | |
| Across years* | 50 | 60.3 | 50.4–72.9 | 59.8 | 7.8 | 4.99 | 0.88 | 25.67*** | 52.9 | 57.3 | |
| GFeC (mg/kg) | Y1* | 40.5 | 46.4 | 39.5–47.8 | 44.1 | 6.48 | 4.03 | 0.51 | 4.28*** | 41.8 | 42.5 |
| Y2* | 37.5 | 42.1 | 38.6–42.7 | 40.4 | 6.89 | 3.2 | 0.34 | 1.99** | 38.9 | 40.1 | |
| Y3* | 31.5 | 34.5 | 31.9–39.1 | 35.4 | 5.7 | 3.12 | 0.61 | 3.16*** | 33.2 | 34.1 | |
| Across years* | 36.5 | 41 | 35.3–43.9 | 39.9 | 6.4 | 2.52 | 0.75 | 3.27*** | 36.8 | 38.5 | |
| TKW (g) | Y1 | 48.4 | 47.5 | 39.6–59.1 | 48.3 | 2.32 | 2.15 | 0.95 | 11.28*** | 52.7 | 53.6 |
| Y2 | 44.7 | 45.5 | 40.3–58.1 | 47.6 | 4.02 | 3.44 | 0.83 | 8.93*** | 50.6 | 51.1 | |
| Y3 | 44.6 | 43.6 | 35.5–54.2 | 46.1 | 3.4 | 2.87 | 0.86 | 7.65*** | 48.8 | 51.5 | |
| Across years | 45.9 | 45.5 | 38.9–57.9 | 47.3 | 3.31 | 1.91 | 0.95 | 9.02*** | 50.9 | 52.4 | |
| TW (g) | Y1* | 79.8 | 76.2 | 75.7–81.5 | 78.6 | 0.76 | 1.06 | 0.81 | 0.78*** | 79.8 | 79.7 |
| Y2* | 78.2 | 74.8 | 74.8–78.0 | 77.1 | 3.31 | 2.17 | 0.19 | 0.75 | 77.5 | 77.4 | |
| Across years* | 79 | 75.5 | 75.0–79.7 | 77.9 | 2.38 | 1.77 | 0.46 | 0.75*** | 78.7 | 78.6 | |
| DH (days) | Y1 | 81 | 74 | 67.1–98.5 | 80.2 | 3.24 | 4.92 | 0.92 | 40.84*** | 72.2 | 80 |
| Y2** | 84.5 | 70.5 | 69.6–103.5 | 84.1 | 3.41 | 5.44 | 0.93 | 53.22*** | 76.1 | 81.7 | |
| Across years* | 82.8 | 72.3 | 68.1–101.1 | 82.1 | 3.32 | 3.95 | 0.96 | 46.58*** | 73.9 | 80.8 | |
| DM (days) | Y1* | 127.5 | 119 | 113.4–136.9 | 124.4 | 2.05 | 4.74 | 0.89 | 26.11*** | 114.3 | 125.4 |
| Y2 | 134 | 131 | 120.9–138.3 | 129.9 | 2.18 | 5.08 | 0.83 | 19.30*** | 120.9 | 128.7 | |
| Across years | 130.8 | 125 | 117.0–137.9 | 127.1 | 2.12 | 4.02 | 0.91 | 21.81*** | 117 | 127 | |
| PH (cm) | Y1* | 82.8 | 89.5 | 80.9–113.0 | 94.2 | 3.52 | 6.21 | 0.9 | 51.15*** | 87.2 | 85.9 |
| Y2* | 97 | 103 | 90.1–117.9 | 105.7 | 0.66 | 1.39 | 0.99 | 36.57*** | 101 | 100 | |
| Y3** | 97.5 | 107.5 | 89.7–115.4 | 101.3 | 1.14 | 2.24 | 0.98 | 31.32*** | 93.2 | 92.2 | |
| Across years** | 92.4 | 100.3 | 89.7–112.7 | 100.4 | 2.06 | 5.76 | 0.84 | 26.48*** | 94.6 | 93.6 | |
The t-test results indicating significant difference between parents for each trait are provided in the environment column. *Significant values at p < 0.05, **significant values at p < 0.01, ***significant values at p < 0.001.