Table 1. Mutations in the Pfk13 gene and WHO classification related to Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin resistance*.
| Validated Pfk13 mutations | Candidate Pfk13 mutations | Non–statistically significant associated Pfk13 mutations |
|---|---|---|
| F446I | P441L | D452E |
| N458Y | G449A | C469Y |
| M476I | C469F | K479I |
| Y493H | A481V | R515K |
| R539T | P527H | S522C |
| I543T | N537I | N537D |
| P553L | G538V | R575K |
| R561H | V568G | M579I |
| C580Y | P574L, F673I, A675V | D584V, P667T, H719N |
*Adapted from an August 2018 WHO status report on artemisinin resistance and artemisinin-based combination therapy efficacy (3). Pfk13, P. falciparum kelch 13; WHO, World Health Organization.