Figure 5.

Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S ribosomal RNA type-c (MOTS-c) activates protein kinase B (AKT) via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 in skeletal muscle samples from C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. A: representative blots of total and phospho-AKT levels. Glyceraldhyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a loading control. B: quantification of phospho-AKT (Ser 473) in Western blots. C and D: the expression levels of a rate-limiting protein of the mTOR complex 2, SIN 1 were examined. C: representative blots of SIN1. α-Tubulin was used as a loading control. D: quantification of SIN 1 in Western blots. Data are reported as means ± SE of 12 mice per group. Significant differences were determined by Student’s t tests. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.