Figure 2.

YAP deletion in endothelial cells increases lung inflammatory injury following mechanical ventilation (MV). Wild-type (WT) and endothelial cell-specific YAP knockout mice (YAP-CKO) were ventilated at indicated tidal volumes for 4 h. A: pulmonary vascular permeability measured by Evans blue dye extravasation. Top: representative lung appearance after Evans blue dye administration. Bottom: quantitative analysis of Evans blue-labeled albumin extravasation. n = 6/group. **P < 0.001, two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. B: protein concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. C: hematoxylin and eosin staining of sections of lungs. Top: representative lung histology. Magnification, ×20; inset, ×40. Bottom: quantification of histopathological lung injury scores. n = 6/group (3 male and 3 female mice). **P < 0.001, two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. All images for control and treatment groups were collected at the same time under the same conditions. D: neutrophil count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by cytospin analysis. n = 6/group (3 male and 3 female mice). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001, two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. E: MPO activity in the lung tissues. **P < 0.001, two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. F and G: levels of TNF-α (F) and IL-6 (G) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of ventilated WT and endothelial cell-specific YAP knockout mice (YAP-CKO). n = 6/group (three male and three female mice). **P < 0.001, two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. Data represent means ± SD. YAP, Yes-associated protein.