Figure 3.

G6PD deficiency-induced hemolysis and barrier dysfunction. G6PD deficiency resulted in increased hemolysis and increased free hemoglobin (Hb) in the G6PD KD model (A). As a result, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) Ser189 (B) and phospho p38 (C) was found significantly upregulated in the G6PD KD model. Peripheral membrane tight junction proteins zona occluden-1 (ZO-1) and Afadin expressions were found downregulated in G6PD KD lung tissue (D and E). Data are expressed as means ± SE normalized on the total protein (stain-free), n = 6–7, *P < 0.05 vs. control by unpaired t test or Mann–Whitney U t test. G6PD KD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase knockdown.